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Chicxulub and Climate: Radiative Perturbations of Impact-Produced S-Bearing Gases
Abstract
We use one-dimensional (1D) atmospheric models coupled to a sulfate aerosol model to investigate climate forcing and short-term response to stratospheric sulfate aerosols produced by the reaction of S-bearing gases and water vapor released in the Chicxulub impact event. A 1D radiation model is used to assess the climate forcing due to the impact-related loading of S-bearing gases. The model suggests that a climate forcing 100 times larger than that from the Pinatubo volcanic eruption is associated with the Chicxulub impact event for at least 2 years after the impact. In particular, we find a saturation effect in the forcing, that is, there is no significant difference in the maximum forcing between the highest (approximately 300 Gt) and lowest (approximately 30 Gt) estimated stratospheric S-loading from the Chicxulub impact. However, higher S-loads increase the overall duration of the forcing by several months. We use a single column model for a preliminary investigation of the short-term climate response to the impact-related production of sulfate aerosols (the lack of horizontal feedbacks limits the usefulness of the single column model to the first few days after the impact). Compared with the present steady-state climate, the introduction of large amounts of sulfate aerosols in the stratosphere results in a significant cooling of the Earth's surface. A long-term climate response can only be investigated with the use of a three-dimensional atmospheric model, which allows f…
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“Several modeling approaches have attempted to reproduce the climatic conditions at the K/Pg boundary (20–22), but none have so far quantified the abiotic effect on biological habitability.”
From Asteroid impact, not volcanism, caused the end-Cretaceous dinosaur extinction (2020) · cites this paper as [20]
In the citing paper
“Even assuming the highest intensity of sulfur injections caused by Deccan volcanism (and longest atmospheric residence times), the order of magnitude of these releases barely approaches the lowest estimates of release by the Chicxulub impactor (20–22).”
From Asteroid impact, not volcanism, caused the end-Cretaceous dinosaur extinction (2020) · cites this paper as [20]
In the citing paper
“These atmospheric contaminants led to prolonged sunlight screening and global cooling (19–22), with severe ecological cascade effects (4, 13, 23).”
From Asteroid impact, not volcanism, caused the end-Cretaceous dinosaur extinction (2020) · cites this paper as [20]
In the citing paper
“A stratospheric residence time of ∼6 y for the sulfate aerosol was implemented taking into account the longer hypothesized residence time of Pierazzo et al. (20) due to increased atmospheric stratification (21, 22) as a result of concurrent surface cooling and stratospheric warming (70).”
From Asteroid impact, not volcanism, caused the end-Cretaceous dinosaur extinction (2020) · cites this paper as [20]
In the citing paper
“Values of optical depths at 0.55 µm were taken from observations (27) of the 1991 Pinatubo eruption with sulfate aerosol loading of the stratosphere equivalent to 100 times the forcing of the Pinatubo eruption (20, 27) consistent with the estimates of Pierazzo et al. (20).”
From Asteroid impact, not volcanism, caused the end-Cretaceous dinosaur extinction (2020) · cites this paper as [20]
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Cited by
Asteroid impact, not volcanism, caused the end-Cretaceous dinosaur extinction
Chiarenza, A. A., Farnsworth, A., Mannion, P. D., Lunt, D. J., Valdes, P. J., Morgan, J. V., & Allison, P. A. (2020) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2006087117 · Cited by 228
Kadoya, S., Krissansen‐Totton, J., & Catling, D. C. (2020) · Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems · doi:10.1029/2019gc008734 · Cited by 72
“This is because the residence time of the dust (Holton et al., 1995; Pierazzo et al., 2003, 2 to 10years) is much shorter than the timescale of the carbon cycle (∼106 year) and hence would have little effect on the long-term evolution.”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Pierazzo, E., Hahmann, A. N., & Sloan, L. C.
- Affiliations
- Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, Arizona
- Atmospheric Sciences Department, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California
- Venue
- Astrobiology
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2003-03
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 99-118
- ISSN
- 1531-1074
- 1557-8070
- Cited by
- 107
- References
- 0
- Language
- en
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