A Tale of Two Compartments: Interstitial Versus Blood Glucose Monitoring
Open accessAbstract
Self-monitoring of blood glucose was described as one of the most important advancements in diabetes management since the invention of insulin in 1920. Recent advances in glucose sensor technology for measuring interstitial glucose concentrations have challenged the dominance of glucose meters in diabetes management, while raising questions about the relationships between interstitial and blood glucose levels. This article will review the differences between interstitial and blood glucose and some of the challenges in measuring interstitial glucose levels accurately.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The ratio of blood to tissue glucose is not constant and depends on metabolic rates related to glucose and insulin physiology, including cellular glucose uptake, blood flow, and capillary permeability.
“This assumption is problematic because the ratio of blood/tissue glucose is not constant, but rather depends on the metabolic rates related to glucose and insulin physiology including glucose uptake by cells or from blood vessels, blood flow, and permeability of capillaries.78”
From Biocompatible Materials for Continuous Glucose Monitoring Devices (2013) · cites this paper as [78]
Under normal conditions, the physiological lag time between blood and interstitial fluid glucose is between 5 and 10 minutes.
“Under normal conditions (i.e., conditions in which glucose levels are not rapidly changing from activities such as exercising or eating), the physiological lag time between blood and interstitial fluid glucose ranges between 5 and 10 min.78,81”
From Biocompatible Materials for Continuous Glucose Monitoring Devices (2013) · cites this paper as [78]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
The citation lists haven’t been fetched yet
References 60 · Cited by 390
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- [14]Monfre SL. Hazen KH. Fischer JS. Welch M. Hocker-Smith L. Guttridge RJ. Ruchti TL. Physiologic differences between volar and dorsal capillary forearm glucose concentrations and finger stick glucose concentrations in diabetes [abstract] Diabetes. 2002;51(Suppl 2):A125. [Google Scholar]
- [44]Gerritsen M. Jansen JA. Kros A. Vriezema DM. Sommerdijk NA. Nolte RJ. Lutterman JA. Van Hövell SW. Van der Gaag A. Influence of inflammatory cells and serum on the performance of implantable glucose sensors. J Biomed Mater Res. 2001;54:69–75. doi: 10.1002/1097-4636(200101)54:1<69::aid-jbm8>3.0.co;2-q. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] · DOI
- Authors
- Cengiz, E., & Tamborlane, W. V.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Cengiz, Eda
- Venue
- Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2009-06-02
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- S1
- Pages
- S-11-S-16
- ISSN
- 1520-9156 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-8593
- PMC
- PMC2903977
- OpenAlex
- W2009177416
- Cited by
- 390
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2026: 24 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 38 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 44 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 7.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Georgia Clinical and Translational Science Alliance
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (K12DK063709)
- National Center for Research Resources (RR 023423)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Electrochemical sensors and biosensors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hyperglycemia and glycemic control in critically ill and hospitalized patients
- Keywords
- interstitial glucose, blood glucose, glucose monitoring, glucose sensor, continuous glucose monitoring, self-monitoring of blood glucose, diabetes management, blood glucose meters
- MeSH terms
- Arterioles, Blood Glucose, Diabetes Mellitus, Humans, Monitoring, Physiologic, Skin, Venules, Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring, Reproducibility of Results, Biosensing Techniques, Extracellular Fluid
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
