The DOI matches its Crossref record; 90 of the 90 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A novel, ultrasensitive assay for tau: potential for assessing traumatic brain injury in tissues and biofluids.
Open accessAbstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a cause of death and disability and can lead to tauopathy-related dementia at an early age. Pathologically, TBI results in axonal injury that is coupled to tau hyperphosphorylation, leading to microtubule instability and tau-mediated neurodegeneration. This suggests that the forms of this protein might serve as neuroinjury-related biomarkers for diagnosis of injury severity and prognosis of the neurological damage prior to clinical expression. We initially determined whether we could detect tau in body fluids using a highly sensitive assay. We used a novel immunoassay, enhanced immunoassay using multi-arrayed fiberoptics (EIMAF) either alone or in combination with rolling circle amplification (a-EIMAF) for the detection of total (T) and phosphorylated (P) tau proteins from brains and biofluids (blood, CSF) of rodents following controlled cortical impact (CCI) and human patients post severe TBI (sTBI). This assay technology for tau is the most sensitive to date with a detection limit of approximately 100 ag/mL for either T-tau and P-tau. In the rodent models, T-tau and P-tau levels in brain and blood increased following CCI during the acute phase and remained high during the chronic phase (30 d). In human CSF samples, T-tau and P-tau increased during the sampling period (5-6 d). T-tau and P-tau in human serum rose during the acute phase and decreased during the chronic stage but was still detectable beyond six months post sTBI. Thus, EIMAF has the potential for assessing both the severity of the proximal injury and the prognosis using easily accessible samples.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Tau hyperphosphorylation is also consistently present in the initial and long-term secondary mechanisms initiated by traumatic brain injury (TBI) (Petraglia et al., 2014; Zheng et al., 2014; Rubenstein et al., 2015; Ali et al., 2019; Tan et al., 2020), a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide (Hay et al., 2016).”
From Tauopathy and Epilepsy Comorbidities and Underlying Mechanisms (2022) · cites this paper as Rubenstein et al., 2015
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Lee, V. M.-Y., Goedert, M., & Trojanowski, J. Q. (2001) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.24.1.1121 · Cited by 2,480
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy in athletes: Progressive tauopathy after repetitive head injury
McKee, A. C., Cantu, R. C., Nowinski, C. J., Hedley-Whyte, E. T., Gavett, B. E., Budson, A. E., Santini, V. E., Lee, H.-S., Kubilus, C. A., & Stern, R. A. (2009) · Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1097/nen.0b013e3181a9d503 · Cited by 2,295
The spectrum of disease in chronic traumatic encephalopathy
McKee, A. C., Stein, T. D., Nowinski, C. J., Stern, R. A., Daneshvar, D. H., Alvarez, V. E., Lee, H.-S., Hall, G., Wojtowicz, S. M., Baugh, C. M., et al. (2013) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/aws307 · Cited by 2,098
Microtubule-associated protein tau. A component of Alzheimer paired helical filaments.
Grundke, I., Iqbal, K., Quinlan, M., Tung, Y. C., Zaidi, M. S., & Wisniewski, H. M. (1986) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(17)38495-8 · Cited by 1,780
A68: a Major Subunit of Paired Helical Filaments and Derivatized Forms of Normal Tau
Lee, V. M.-Y., Balin, B. J., Otvos, L., & Trojanowski, J. Q. (1991) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1899488 · Cited by 1,418
Lewis, J., McGowan, E., Rockwood, J., Melrose, H., Nacharaju, P., Van Slegtenhorst, M., Gwinn-Hardy, K., Murphy, M. P., Baker, M., Yu, X., et al. (2000) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/78078 · Cited by 1,371
Self-citationCSF markers for incipient Alzheimer's disease
Blennow, K., & Hampel, H. (2003) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(03)00530-1 · Cited by 1,291
Tangle and neuron numbers, but not amyloid load, predict cognitive status in Alzheimer’s disease
Giannakopoulos, P., Herrmann, F. R., Bussière, T., Bouras, C., Kövari, E., Perl, D. P., Morrison, J. H., Gold, G., & Hof, P. R. (2003) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000063311.58879.01 · Cited by 1,118
Morris, M., Maeda, S., Vossel, K., & Mucke, L. (2011) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2011.04.009 · Cited by 899
Documented head injury in early adulthood and risk of Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias
Plassman, B. L., Havlik, R. J., Steffens, D. C., Helms, M. J., Newman, T. N., Drosdick, D., Phillips, C., Gau, B. A., Welsh–Bohmer, K. A., Burke, J. R., et al. (2000) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.55.8.1158 · Cited by 896
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- Davies P., 2000, Methods Mol. Med., 32, 361
- Hanger D.P., 2007, J. Biochem., 282, 23645
- Nowak L.A., 2009, Clin. Neuropathol., 28, 275
- Woertgen C., 2002, Acta Neurochir. Suppl, 81, 205
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–116 of 116
Papa, L. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-75564-5_13
Neurochemical Aspects of Traumatic Brain Injury
Farooqui, A. A. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-813596-9.00006-7 · Cited by 1
Havlicek, D. F., Furhang, R., Nikulina, E., Smith-Salzberg, B., Lawless, S., Sevarin, S. A., Mallaboeva, S., Nayab, F., Seifert, A. C., Crary, J. F., et al. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.05.19.492705
Orhan, Ö., Ertuğrul, S., & Yüksel, H. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1819349/v1
Gänsslen, A., & Schmehl, I. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-65600-6_21
The Neuropathology of Concussion
Mavroudis, I. A., Balmuș, I.-M., Gorgan, L., & Ciobica, A. S. (2023) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.112459
Traumatic Axonal Lesions of the Corpus Callosum
Sumkovski, R., & Kocevski, I. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-38114-0_24
Lisi, I., Moro, F., Mazzone, E., Marklund, N., Pischiutta, F., Kobeissy, F. H., Mao, X., Corrigan, F., Helmy, A. E., Nasrallah, F. A., et al. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.12.01.569152
Self-citationKommireddy, R. S., Mehra, S., Pompilus, M., Arja, R. D., Zhu, T., Yang, Z., Fu, Y., Zhu, J., Kobeissy, F. H., Wang, K., et al. (2025) · Neurotrauma Reports · doi:10.1177/2689288x251380144
Self-citationHarper, M. I., McKinney, K. A., McLennan, C., Adhikari, S. P., Ghodsi, M., Cooper, J. G., Stukas, S. K., Maldonado-Rodriguez, N., Agbay, A. M., Morelli, T., et al. (2025) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2024-098025
Ding, X., Zhang, S., Jiang, L., Wang, L., Li, T., & Lei, P. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14211689
Ding, X., Zhang, S., Jiang, L., Wang, L., Li, T., & Lei, P. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14211686
Blood-based biomarkers for traumatic brain injury
Rezzag, A. (2021) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/330bcff7z665fz4924z9a1bz947c6b1f9484
Vomhof‐DeKrey, E. E., & Ajayi, O. D. (2026) · Trauma Care · doi:10.3390/traumacare6020009
Bociek, A., Terpiłowska, S., Bołtuć-Dziugieł, K., Roskal-Wałek, J., Mosiewicz, J., Dąbrowski, W., & Jaroszyński, A. (2026) · Indian Journal of Nephrology · doi:10.25259/ijn_87_2026
Metadata
- Authors
- Rubenstein, R., Chang, B., Davies, P., Wagner, A. K., Robertson, C. S., & Wang, K. K. W.
- Affiliations
- SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University (US)
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research (US)
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (US)
- Baylor College of Medicine (US)
- University of Florida (US)
- Corresponding author
- Rubenstein, Richard
- Venue
- Journal of Neurotrauma
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2015-03
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 342-352
- ISSN
- 0897-7151 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-9042
- PMC
- PMC4348038
- OpenAlex
- W2006643577
- Cited by
- 116
- References
- 90
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 5
- FWCI
- 6.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Neurotrauma (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Keywords
- tau protein, tau phosphorylation, traumatic brain injury, biomarkers, rolling circle amplification, cerebrospinal fluid, serum, controlled cortical impact, axonal injury, tauopathy, neurodegeneration, injury severity assessment, prognosis
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Brain Injuries, Humans, Immunoassay, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Sensitivity and Specificity, Immunoblotting, Biomarkers, tau Proteins, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Mice, Rats
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
