Documented head injury in early adulthood and risk of Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias
Abstract
Background The association between antecedent head injury and AD is inconsistent. Objective To examine the association between early adult head injury, as documented by military hospital records, and dementia in late life; and to evaluate the interaction between head injury and APOE epsilon4 as risk factors for dementia. Methods The study had a population-based prospective historical cohort design. It included men who were World War II Navy and Marine veterans, and were hospitalized during their military service with a diagnosis of either a nonpenetrating head injury or another unrelated condition. In 1996 to 1997, military medical records were abstracted to document the occurrence and details of closed head injury. The entire sample was then evaluated for dementia and AD using a multistage procedure. There were 548 veterans with head injury and 1228 without head injury who completed all assigned stages of the study. The authors estimated risk of dementia, specifically AD, using proportional hazards models. Results Both moderate head injury (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.32; CI = 1.04 to 5.17) and severe head injury (HR = 4.51; CI = 1.77 to 11.47) were associated with increased risk of AD. Results were similar for dementia in general. The results for mild head injury were inconclusive. When the authors stratified by the number of APOE epsilon4 alleles, they observed a nonsignificant trend toward a stronger association between AD and head injury in men with more epsilon4 alleles. Conc…
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Numerous population-based studies demonstrate that head injury during adulthood increases the risk of AD later in life.
“First, numerous population-based studies demonstrate that head injury during adulthood increases the risk of AD later in life (12–19)”
From The Inflammatory Continuum of Traumatic Brain Injury and Alzheimer’s Disease (2018) · cites this paper as [14]
Several studies have suggested that the association between Alzheimer's disease and head injury may be stronger in carriers of the APOE-4 allele.
“several studies have suggested that this association may be stronger in carriers of the APOE-4 allele (30–32).”
From Association of ALS with head injury, cigarette smoking and APOE genotypes (2010) · cites this paper as [32]
Synergistic effects of head injury and APOE genotypes in AD were reported by some studies but not all.
“Synergistic effects of head injury and APOE genotypes in AD were reported by some (30–32), but not all studies (53;54).”
From Association of ALS with head injury, cigarette smoking and APOE genotypes (2010) · cites this paper as [32]
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- Authors
- Plassman, B. L., Havlik, R. J., Steffens, D. C., Helms, M. J., Newman, T. N., Drosdick, D., Phillips, C., Gau, B. A., Welsh–Bohmer, K. A., Burke, J. R., Guralnik, J. M., & Breitner, J. C. S.
- Affiliations
- Duke University (US)
- From the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Drs. Plassman, Steffens, Welsh–Bohmer, and Breitner, and M.J. Helms, T.N. Newman, D. Drosdick, and B.A. Gau), the Joseph and Kathleen Bryan Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center (Drs. Welsh–Bohmer and Burke), and the Department of Neurology (Dr. Burke), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; the Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry Program of the National Institute on Aging (Drs. Havlik and Guralnik, and C. Phillips), Bethesda, MD; and...
- Venue
- Neurology
- Published
- 2000-10-24
- Volume
- 55
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1158-1166
- ISSN
- 0028-3878 (ISSN-L)
- 1526-632X
- OpenAlex
- W2057766834
- Cited by
- 896
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 34 · 2022: 45 · 2021: 45 · 2020: 70 · 2019: 59 · 2018: 46 · 2017: 49 · 2016: 60 · 2015: 68 · 2014: 45 · 2013: 47 · 2012: 29
- FWCI
- 13.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (N01-AG-4-2142)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Keywords
- traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer's disease, dementia, APOE ε4, military veterans, World War II, moderate traumatic brain injury, severe traumatic brain injury, mild traumatic brain injury, late-life cognitive decline, gene-environment interaction
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alzheimer Disease, Apolipoproteins E, Dementia, Craniocerebral Trauma, Humans, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk Factors, Time Factors, Trauma Severity Indices
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