Thyroid Disease and Vascular Function
Abstract
Altered cardiac function in thyroid disease is well recognized and has been extensively investigated, vascular function has however been less well studied in those with thyroid dysfunction. Thyroid hormones, thyroxine (T(4)) and triiodothyronine (T(3)) are important regulators of cardiac function and cardiovascular hemodynamics. The cardiovascular system responds to minimal but persistent changes in circulating thyroid hormone levels producing changes in vascular reactivity and endothelial function. The detection of endothelial dysfunction and/or arterial stiffness allows early identification of individuals at risk as these occur in both patients with risk factors for coronary artery disease and in those with established disease. This may allow treatment to be targeted at high risk individuals with the aim of slowing the progression of vascular disease. The various methods used to assess arterial function are reviewed and the changes demonstrated in human and animal models of thyroid dysfunction.
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The thyroid hormone is one of the key regulators of cardiac function and cardiovascular hemodynamics.
“The thyroid hormone is one of the key regulators of cardiac function and cardiovascular hemodynamics; therefore, inadequate thyroid hormone levels impair the relaxation of vascular smooth muscle cells and decrease cardiac contractility by regulating calcium uptake and the expression of several contractile proteins in cardiomyocytes.37,38”
From Association of subclinical hypothyroidism and cardiovascular disease with mortality (2020) · cites this paper as [38]
Low thyroid hormone levels increase systemic vascular resistance and induce endothelial dysfunction by reducing nitric oxide availability.
“Low thyroid hormone levels also increase systemic vascular resistance and induce endothelial dysfunction by reducing nitric oxide availability.37,38,39”
From Association of subclinical hypothyroidism and cardiovascular disease with mortality (2020) · cites this paper as [38]
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Cites
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- Authors
- Owen, P. J. D., Sabit, R., & Lazarus, J. H.
- Affiliations
- Cardiff University (GB)
- ORCID
- Lazarus, John H.
- Venue
- Thyroid
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2007-06
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 519-524
- ISSN
- 1050-7256 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-9077
- OpenAlex
- W2060571661
- Cited by
- 101
- References
- 6
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 3.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Thyroid (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Thyroid Disorders and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Function and Risk Factors
- Keywords
- thyroid dysfunction, vascular function, endothelial dysfunction, arterial stiffness, thyroid hormones, thyroxine, triiodothyronine, cardiovascular hemodynamics, coronary artery disease
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena, Humans, Hyperthyroidism, Hypothyroidism, Thyroid Diseases, Thyroid Hormones
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