Weight Changes in Euthyroid Patients Undergoing Thyroidectomy
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Thyroidectomized patients frequently report weight gain resistant to weight loss efforts, identifying their thyroidectomy as the event precipitating subsequent weight gain. We wished to determine whether recently thyroidectomized euthyroid patients gained more weight over 1 year than matched euthyroid patients with preexisting hypothyroidism. METHODS: We performed a retrospective chart review of subjects receiving medical care at an academic medical center. One hundred twenty patients had their weight and thyroid status documented after thyroidectomy and achievement of euthyroidism on thyroid hormone replacement, and one year later. Three additional groups of 120 patients with preexisting hypothyroidism, no thyroid disease, and thyroid cancer were matched for age, gender, menopausal status, height, and weight. Anthropometric data were documented at two time points 1 year apart. We compared the weight changes and body mass index changes occurring over a 1-year period in the four groups. RESULTS: Patients with recent postsurgical hypothyroidism gained 3.1 kg during the year, whereas matched patients with preexisting hypothyroidism gained 2.2 kg. The patients without thyroid disease and those with iatrogenic hyperthyroidism gained 1.3 and 1.2 kg, respectively. The weight gain in the thyroidectomized group was significantly greater than that in the matched hypothyroid group (p-value 0.004), the group without thyroid disease (p-value 0.001), and the patients with iatrogenic hyperthyroidism (p-value 0.001). Within the thyroidectomized group, the weight gain in menopausal women was greater than in either premenopausal women (4.4 vs. 2.3 kg, p-value 0.007) or men (4.4 vs. 2.5 kg, p-value 0.013). CONCLUSION: Patients who had undergone thyroidectomy in the previous year did, in fact, gain more weight than their matched counterparts with preexisting hypothyroidism. In addition, all patients with hypothyroidism, even though treated to achieve euthyroidism, experienced more weight gain than both subjects without hypothyroidism and subjects with iatrogenic hyperthyroidism. The greatest weight gain in the thyroidectomized group was in menopausal women. These data raise the question of an unidentified factor related to taking thyroid hormone replacement that is associated with weight gain, with an additional intriguing effect of thyroidectomy itself. Menopausal status confers additional risk. These groups should be targeted for diligent weight loss efforts.
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One study showed greater one-year weight gain in LT4-treated subjects after thyroidectomy or with pre-existing hypothyroidism compared with euthyroid subjects.
“However, one study did show greater one-year weight gain in LT4-treated subjects after thyroidectomy or with pre-existing hypothyroidism compared with euthyroid subjects (49).”
From Effects of levothyroxine replacement or suppressive therapy on energy expenditure and body composition (2016) · cites this paper as [49]
Compared with euthyroid controls, LT4-treated thyroidectomized subjects gained an excess of 1.8 kg over one year, and LT4-treated hypothyroid subjects gained an excess of 0.9 kg.
“Compared with euthyroid controls, LT4-treated thyroidectomized subjects gained an excess of 1.8 kg over one year, and LT4-treated hypothyroid subjects gained an excess of 0.9 kg.”
From Effects of levothyroxine replacement or suppressive therapy on energy expenditure and body composition (2016) · cites this paper as [49]
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Body composition changes following total thyroidectomy: A one-year follow-up study
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The Impact of Thyroidectomy on Sexual Function
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Jung, K. Y., Choi, H. S., Cho, S. W., Chung, H. K., Kim, H. J., & Park, Y. J. (2025) · International Journal of Thyroidology · doi:10.11106/ijt.2025.18.2.171
Schock, C. T. F., Antunes‐Correa, L. M., Juliani, F. L., Souza, M. A. D. S., Carvalheira, J. B. C., Bahamondes, L., & Zantut‐Wittmann, D. E. (2026) · International Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1155/ije/9268141
- Authors
- Jonklaas, J., & Nsouli-Maktabi, H.
- Affiliations
- Georgetown University Medical Center (US)
- MedStar Health Research Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Jonklaas, Jacqueline
- ORCID
- Jonklaas, Jacqueline
- Venue
- Thyroid
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2011-12
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1343-1351
- ISSN
- 1050-7256 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-9077
- PMC
- PMC3229816
- OpenAlex
- W1985332654
- Cited by
- 69
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 4.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Thyroid (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Georgetown University
- National Institutes of Health
- National Center for Research Resources (UL1RR031975)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Thyroid Disorders and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Ophthalmology and Eye Disorders
- Keywords
- thyroidectomy, euthyroidism, hypothyroidism, thyroid hormone replacement, iatrogenic hyperthyroidism, menopause, body mass index, thyroid cancer
- MeSH terms
- Academic Medical Centers, Adult, Analysis of Variance, Female, Humans, Hyperthyroidism, Hypothyroidism, Iatrogenic Disease, Male, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Thyroidectomy, Time Factors, Weight Gain, Body Mass Index, Linear Models, Treatment Outcome, Risk Assessment, Hormone Replacement Therapy
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