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Cited by 8Thyroid Disorders and TreatmentsThyroid Cancer Diagnosis and TreatmentGrowth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors

Divergent patterns of thyrotropin and other thyroidal parameters in relationship with the sex of healthy neonates and infants less than two years old: a longitudinal study

Legakis, Ioannis, Adamopoulos, Dimitrios, Stamatiou, Ioannis, Gryparis, Alexandros, Chrousos, George P.·2019·Thyroid
DOI 10.1089/thy.2018.0134
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Abstract

Background: A longitudinal study was conducted in full-term healthy infants who were born between 2015 and 2017 in Athens, Greece, to elucidate the evolution of thyrotropin (TSH) and other thyroidal parameters according to sex, from their day of birth until two years old. Other thyroidal parameters that were taken into account include antithyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab) and antithyroglobulin antibody (TG-Ab), total triiodothyronine (T3), and free triiodothyronine (fT3), along with total thyroxine (T4) and free thyroxine (fT4). Methods: Blood samples were taken at 5-day intervals from the day of birth until the 31st day of life, and then every 5th month until 2 years of age. All thyroid parameters were measured by electrochemiluminescence immunoassays. The study took place at the Iaso General, Maternity and Gynecological Clinic in Athens, Greece. Results: The sample consisted of 2916 full-term healthy neonates/infants: 1507 (51.7%) boys and 1409 (48.3%) girls. There were no significant differences in TSH levels between boys and girls in all time periods from birth up to 2 years except between 11 and 15 months of age ( p = 0.038). Mean TSH levels for boys exhibited much more fluctuation and variability than for girls. In boys we found a significant association between TSH levels and fT4 ( p < 0.001), while we found a significant association between TSH levels and T3 in girls ( p = 0.045). Furthermore, we found that mean TPO-Ab and TG-Ab levels for boys exhibited larger variability than those for girls. Conclusions: In this study, we were able to plot the development of TSH and other thyroidal parameters by sex from birth up to two years of age. In terms of clinical practice, our findings suggest the need for a re-evaluation of the reference ranges of the studied parameters according to sex, especially in the first months of life and until the first year. Furthermore, our results suggest new optimal ranges for thyroid hormone replacement for that specific period.

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  • Longitudinal analysis has shown variation in the same individual in the first years of life and sex can influence reference ranges.

    “Longitudinal analysis has shown variation in the same individual in the first years of life and sex can influence reference ranges.129”

    From Hypothyroidism (2024) · cites this paper as [129]

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Authors
Legakis, I., Adamopoulos, D., Stamatiou, I., Gryparis, A., & Chrousos, G. P.
Affiliations
  • IASO General Hospital (GR)
  • Biomedical Support Service, and IASO, General Maternity and Gynecology Clinic, Marousi-Athens, Greece.
  • Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IASO, General Maternity and Gynecology Clinic, Marousi-Athens, Greece.
  • National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (GR)
Corresponding author
Legakis, Ioannis
ORCID
Venue
Thyroid
Publisher
SAGE Publications
Published
2019-07
Volume
29
Issue
7
Pages
920-927
ISSN
  • 1050-7256 (ISSN-L)
  • 1557-9077
DOI
10.1089/thy.2018.0134
OpenAlex
W2946406736
Cited by
8
References
23
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2019: 3
FWCI
0.81
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations
  • Thyroid (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Thyroid Disorders and Treatments
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Thyroid Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors
Keywords
thyroid-stimulating hormone, sex differences, neonates, infants, thyroid peroxidase antibodies, thyroglobulin antibodies, free thyroxine, free triiodothyronine, thyroid hormone replacement, thyroid autoantibodies
MeSH terms
Autoantibodies, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Iodide Peroxidase, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Sex Factors, Thyrotropin, Thyroxine, Triiodothyronine, Healthy Volunteers

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