Factors Affecting the Geographic Distribution of West Nile Virus in Georgia, USA: 2002–2004
Abstract
The distribution of West Nile virus (WNV) is dependent on the occurrence of both susceptible avian reservoir hosts and competent mosquito vectors. Both factors can be influenced by geographic variables such as land use/landcover, elevation, human population density, physiographic region, and temperature. The current study uses geographic information systems (GIS) and logistic regression analyses to model the distribution of WNV in the state of Georgia based on a wild bird indicator system, and to identify human and environmental predictor variables that are important in the determination of WNV distribution. A database for Georgia was constructed that included (1) location points of all the avian samples tested for WNV, (2) local land use classifications, including temperature, physiographic divisions, land use/landcover, and elevation, (3) human demographic data from the U.S. Census, and (4) statistics summarizing land cover, elevation, and climate within a 1-km-radius landscape around each sample point. Logistic regression analysis was carried out using the serostatus of avian collection sites as the dependent variable. Temperature, housing density, urban/suburban land use, and mountain physiographic region were important variables in predicting the distribution of WNV in the state of Georgia. While weak, the positive correlation between WNV-antibody positive sites and the urban/suburban environment was consistent throughout the study period. The risks associated with WNV e…
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The prevalence of West Nile virus in wild birds in the USA increases with proximity to urban areas and human population density.
“In addition, the prevalence of West Nile virus in wild birds in the USA increases with proximity to urban areas and human population density (Gibbs et al. 2006).”
From Red fox viromes in urban and rural landscapes (2020) · cites this paper as Gibbs et al. 2006
Urbanisation influences pathogen exposure and prevalence in wildlife.
“Urbanisation influences pathogen exposure and prevalence in wildlife.”
From Red fox viromes in urban and rural landscapes (2020) · cites this paper as Gibbs et al. 2006
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“The few urban studies have also shown that landscape change can have both a positive and negative impact on the prevalence of disease in wildlife species (Fischer et al. 2005; Gibbs et al. 2006; Geue and Partecke 2008; Friggens and Beier 2010; Lehrer et al. 2010).”
BackgroundEffects of Scale on Modeling West Nile Virus Disease Risk
Uelmen, J. A., Irwin, P., Bartlett, D., Brown, W. M., Karki, S., Ruiz, M. O., Fraterrigo, J. M., Li, B., & Smith, R. L. (2020) · American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · doi:10.4269/ajtmh.20-0416 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Skaff, N., & Cheruvelil, K. (2016) · Landscape Ecology · doi:10.1007/s10980-016-0346-1 · Cited by 17
“…Natural Resources Building, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA N. K. Skaff (&) Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA e-mail: skaffnic@msu.edu K. S. Cheruvelil Lyman Briggs College, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48825, USA”
BackgroundSpatial-temporal model of haemorrhagic disease in white-tailed deer in south-east USA, 1983 to 2000
Xu, B., Madden, M., Stallknecht, D., Hodler, T. W., & Parker, K. (2012) · The Veterinary Record · doi:10.1136/vr.100000 · Cited by 17
Self-citationHongoh, V., Berrang-Ford, L., Ogden, N., Lindsay, R., Scott, M., & Artsob, H. (2009) · Biodiversity · doi:10.1080/14888386.2009.9712849 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“Higher rates of human wnV infection have also been observed in areas of greater urbanization in the south where Culex quinquefasciatus dominates arbovirus transmission ecology (Gibbs et al. 2006).”
BackgroundGhosh, D., & Guha, R. (2010) · Computers, Environment and Urban Systems · doi:10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2010.02.007 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Cid, C. V., Estallo, E., Almirón, W., Contigiani, M., & Spinsanti, L. (2013) · Acta Tropica · doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2012.12.005 · Cited by 15
A Neural Network‐Based Method for Risk Factor Analysis of West Nile Virus
Pan, L., Qin, L., Yang, S. X., & Shuai, J. (2008) · Risk Analysis · doi:10.1111/j.1539-6924.2008.01029.x · Cited by 14
Using a neural network for mining interpretable relationships of West Nile risk factors.
Ghosh, D., & Guha, R. (2011) · Social Science & Medicine (1967) · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.09.014 · Cited by 13
Gibbs, S. E. J. (2010) · Animal Health Research Reviews · doi:10.1017/s1466252310000058 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“chaffiensis exposure in white-tailed deer (Gibbs et al., 2006; Manangan et al., 2007).”
BackgroundSelf-citationEnvironmental risk factors for equine West Nile virus disease cases in Texas
Ward, M., Wittich, C. A., Fosgate, G., & Srinivasan, R. (2009) · Veterinary research communications · doi:10.1007/s11259-008-9192-1 · Cited by 13
“Temperature was found to be an important variable in predicting the distribution of WNV seropositive birds in the state of Georgia ( Gibbs et al. 2006 ), and a predictive model of the pattern of equine WNV disease occurrence in North Dakota in 2002 included temperature (Mongoh et al. 2007).”
BackgroundCurtis, A., Ye, X.-Y., Heob, E., Targhetta, J., Salvato, V., Reyna, M., Bueno, R., & Holmes, L. M. (2014) · doi:10.1016/j.apgeog.2014.02.003 · Cited by 12
In Memorium: Swamy Laxminarayan [1939–2005]
Foster, K., & Kun, L. G. (2005) · BioMedical Engineering OnLine · doi:10.1186/1475-925x-4-57 · Cited by 12
“In Georgia, a state-wide analysis of avian samples revealed increased virus endemicity in birds in urban/suburban areas during the years 2002 to 2004 [38].”
BackgroundAmong-species variation in hormone concentrations is associated with urban tolerance in birds
Sinclair, E. C. C., Martin, P. R., & Bonier, F. (2022) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B · doi:10.1098/rspb.2022.1600 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Roche, B., Morand, S., Elguero, E., Balenghien, T., Guégan, J., & Gaidet, N. (2015) · Infection, Genetics and Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2015.04.011 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Infection risk varies within urbanized landscapes: the case of coyotes and heartworm
Worsley-Tonks, K. E. L., Gehrt, S., Anchor, C., Escobar, L., & Craft, M. E. (2021) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/s13071-021-04958-1 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Ghosh, D., Manson, S., & Mcmaster, R. (2010) · Cartography and Geographic Information Science · doi:10.1559/152304010791232208 · Cited by 10
“This complexity has prompted both prospective and retrospective techniques to identify WNV exposure areas (Brownstein et al. 2002; Mostashari et al. 2003b; Theophilides et al. 2003; Ruiz et al. 2004; Bowman et al. 2005; Eidson et al. 2005; Cooke et al. 2006; Corrigan et al. 2006; Diuk-Wasser et al. 2006; Gibbs et al.…”
BackgroundThe Spreading of Flaviviruses over the Continental Divide: a Challenge for Serologic Diagnostics
Sonnleitner, S., Simeoni, J., Baumgartner, R., Ról, Zelger, Prader, A., Piccolin, G., Nowotny, N., & Walder, G. (2015) · doi:10.4172/2161-0703.s3-002 · Cited by 10
“In the United States, WNV activity is negatively associated with mountainous landscape [26,27].”
BackgroundPoh, K. C., Medeiros, M., & Hamer, G. (2020) · Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.sste.2020.100336 · Cited by 9
Environmental Factors and Risk Areas of West Nile Virus in Southern California, 2007–2009
Liu, H., & Weng, Q. (2012) · Environmental Modelling and Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10666-011-9304-0 · Cited by 9
“The geographical dissemination of WNV is related to the occurrence of both avian reservoir host and mosquito vector, which is potentially associated with the environmental and social–economic conditions that can affect the abundances of related birds and mosquito species [4, 18, 36, 55].”
BackgroundTemporal and Spatial Synchronicity in West Nile Virus Cases Along the Central Flyway, USA
Hort, H., Ibaraki, M., & Schwartz, F. (2023) · GeoHealth · doi:10.1029/2022gh000708 · Cited by 8
- Authors
- Gibbs, S. E. J., Wimberly, M. C., Madden, M., Masour, J., Yabsley, M. J., & Stallknecht, D. E.
- Affiliations
- University of Georgia (US)
- Venue
- Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2006-03
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 73-82
- ISSN
- 1530-3667 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-7759
- OpenAlex
- W2045008519
- Cited by
- 148
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 12.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Public Health Service (U50/CCU420515-01)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Viral Infections and Vectors
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Vector-Borne Animal Diseases
- Keywords
- West Nile virus, geographic distribution, mosquito vectors, land use/land cover, altitude, temperature, human population density, urbanization, physiographic regions, wild birds, seroprevalence, mosquito control, Georgia
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Bird Diseases, Birds, Environment, Geography, Georgia, Humans, Risk Factors, ROC Curve, West Nile Fever, West Nile virus, Logistic Models, Geographic Information Systems
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