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Open accessAbstract
The impact factor is the average number of times a journal’s papers are cited elsewhere. We are very pleased that Age and Ageing’s impact factor for 2020 has more than doubled to 10.7, third in the geriatrics and gerontology journal category, and making us the leading clinical geriatric medicine journal. Geriatricians were aware of COVID-19 presenting with delirium long before this was recognised by official guidance. Shao et al. undertook a meta-analysis demonstrating that a third of older patients with COVID-19 had associated delirium. Prevalence in those with prior dementia was nearly half. New onset of delirium during COVID-19 occurred in a quarter. Half of patients with delirium died. In an editorial, Peterson et al. discuss why, implications for patients and services, and problems occurring after recovery. Delirium deserves greater prominence in planning for both clinical services and research. Canouï-Poitrine et al. report excess deaths from 6,500 nursing homes in France during the first pandemic wave. Mortality increased by 43% and represented half of all excess deaths in the population. Burton et al. report that 40% of Scottish care homes experienced an outbreak in the first wave. Risk increased with care home size and community prevalence, indicating that reducing community prevalence of COVID-19 is essential to protect those living in care-homes. Van den Besselaar et al. report that many COVID-19 cases in a nursing home outbreak had unrecognised, non-specific symptoms, such as sore throat, malaise or anorexia. ‘Asymptomatic’ cases were often ‘pre-symptomatic,’ with symptoms appearing up to 8 days after test positivity. Micocci et al. describe a pilot study of point-of-care polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing using an automated ‘benchtop’ machine in care homes, delivering results in 1.5 hours. Test accuracy was good compared with laboratory PCR, for both asymptomatic screening and diagnostic testing of possible cases, and better than achievable by lateral flow devices. Care home staff training was required. Barker et al. and Buckle et al. discuss the balance between testing and other infection control procedures, noting that each has costs, opportunity costs and undesired consequences. Making procedures sustainable needs consistent involvement of people working in the care home sector, considering ‘usability’ in the real world, integration with care home working patterns, and identifying hidden costs. Clinicians are forever asked for the evidence that their services are effective, but the complex interventions appropriate for frail older people are technically difficult to evaluate in trials, and often depend heavily on context. Levin et al. describe a community respiratory service, delivered by allied health professionals, for older patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Follow-up over 6 months revealed fewer hospital admissions for people with a primary, but not a secondary, diagnosis of COPD, compared with a control area. Van Leendert et al. evaluated a nurse-practitioner-led in-patient orthogeriatric service for hip fracture patients, and found that mortality halved up to 1 year later, length of stay reduced, and proportion discharged home increased. More complications and co-morbidities were detected in the nurse practitioner group compared with controls, suggesting a possible mechanism of action. Management of severe anxiety in older people is often frustrating, but Gould et al. describe a successful programme for treatment-resistant generalised anxiety disorder. This comprised a 16-session psychotherapeutic intervention called Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, based on ‘living with’ rather than supressing distressing thoughts. Anxiety and depression were significantly reduced, but some participants found the programme challenging and user satisfaction was only moderate. Partridge et al. add to the growing evidence supporting pre- and peri-operative geriatric surgical liaison services, in this case for vascular surgery. The intervention had previously been shown to be effective at reducing complications and length of hospital stay. They now show that this is cost-effective in terms of quality of life outcomes. Worldwide, different falls prevention guidelines are inconsistent. Montero-Odasso et al. describe an ambitious initiative to develop a world guideline on falls prevention, using the most up-to-date evidence review and synthesis, and modern ideas on co-production with stakeholders, across 10 different areas of practice. In a systematic review, Tran et al. report that prevalence of orthostatic hypotension was 28% in the general population over 65 and 35% in geriatric outpatients. Proper assessment required continuous blood pressure measurement. Li et al. report that strength and balance exercises reduce rate of falls by 30% in people with cognitive impairment, similar to the effect in older people who are cognitively intact. However, different studies were incon
Integrity signals
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Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
0 of 51 cited sources checked · 0 supported · 0 flagged
- Premisecitation§ COVID-19
A meta-analysis by Shao et al. found that roughly one third of older COVID-19 patients had delirium.
“Shao et al. undertook a meta-analysis demonstrating that a third of older patients with COVID-19 had associated delirium.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Shao et al.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Premisecitation§ COVID-19
Half of patients with delirium died.
“Half of patients with delirium died.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Shao et al.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Premisecitation§ COVID-19
New-onset delirium during COVID-19 occurred in one quarter of older patients.
“New onset of delirium during COVID-19 occurred in a quarter.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Shao et al.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Premisecitation§ COVID-19
In older COVID-19 patients with prior dementia, the prevalence of delirium was nearly half.
“Prevalence in those with prior dementia was nearly half.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Shao et al.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Premisecitation§ Additional information
Neelamegham et al. report that those taking more than a cumulative morphine equivalent dose of 3 g over 4 years had greater cognitive decline than those not taking opiates.
“Neelamegham et al. report that those taking more than a cumulative morphine equivalent dose of 3 g over 4 years had greater cognitive decline than those not taking opiates.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Neelamegham et al.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Rests on an assumption: Twenty per cent of older Australians take regular opioids.
- Premisecitation§ Falls
Proper assessment of orthostatic hypotension required continuous blood pressure measurement.
“Proper assessment required continuous blood pressure measurement.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Tran et al.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Premisecitation§ Service effectiveness in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hip fracture, anxiety and vascular surgery
Van Leendert et al. found that mortality halved up to 1 year later in hip fracture patients receiving a nurse-practitioner-led in-patient orthogeriatric service.
“Van Leendert et al. evaluated a nurse-practitioner-led in-patient orthogeriatric service for hip fracture patients, and found that mortality halved up to 1 year later, length of stay reduced, and proportion discharged home increased.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Van Leendert et al.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Premisecitation§ Service effectiveness in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hip fracture, anxiety and vascular surgery
More complications and co-morbidities were detected in the nurse practitioner group compared with controls.
“More complications and co-morbidities were detected in the nurse practitioner group compared with controls, suggesting a possible mechanism of action.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Van Leendert et al.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Premisecitation§ COVID-19
Micocci et al. described a pilot study of point-of-care PCR testing in care homes using an automated benchtop machine, which delivered results in 1.5 hours.
“Mic- occi et al. describe a pilot study of point-of-care polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing using an automated 'benchtop' machine in care homes, delivering results in 1.5 hours.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Micocci et al.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Premisecitation§ Service effectiveness in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hip fracture, anxiety and vascular surgery
Gould et al. described a successful programme for treatment-resistant generalised anxiety disorder.
“Gould et al. describe a successful programme for treatment-resistant generalised anxiety disorder.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Gould et al.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Interpretationreasoning§ Service effectiveness in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hip fracture, anxiety and vascular surgery
The greater detection of complications and co-morbidities suggests a possible mechanism of action for the nurse-practitioner-led service.
“More complications and co-morbidities were detected in the nurse practitioner group compared with controls, suggesting a possible mechanism of action.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Premisecitation§ COVID-19
In that outbreak, cases labelled asymptomatic were often pre-symptomatic, with symptoms appearing up to 8 days after test positivity.
“'Asymptomatic' cases were often 'pre-symptomatic,' with symptoms appearing up to 8 days after test positivity.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Van den Besselaar et al.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Premisecitation§ Falls
Li et al.'s meta-analysis was dominated by findings from a few studies.
“However, different studies were inconsistent, their meta-analysis was dominated by findings from a few studies, and they conclude that evidence is still insufficient to make firm recommendations.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Li et al.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Premisecitation§ COVID-19
Burton et al. reported that 40% of Scottish care homes experienced an outbreak in the first wave.
“Burton et al. report that 40% of Scottish care homes experienced an outbreak in the first wave.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Burton et al.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Premisecitation§ COVID-19
Mortality in those French nursing homes increased by 43%.
“Mortality increased by 43% and represented half of all excess deaths in the population.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Canouï-Poitrine et al.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Premisecitation§ Service effectiveness in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hip fracture, anxiety and vascular surgery
Length of stay was reduced in that nurse-practitioner-led orthogeriatric service.
“Van Leendert et al. evaluated a nurse-practitioner-led in-patient orthogeriatric service for hip fracture patients, and found that mortality halved up to 1 year later, length of stay reduced, and proportion discharged home increased.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Van Leendert et al.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Premisecitation§ Service effectiveness in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hip fracture, anxiety and vascular surgery
Levin et al. found that over 6 months there were fewer hospital admissions for people with a primary, but not a secondary, diagnosis of COPD compared with a control area.
“Follow-up over 6 months revealed fewer hospital admissions for people with a primary, but not a secondary, diagnosis of COPD, compared with a control area.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Levin et al.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Premisecitation§ Falls
Analgesic use doubled the risk of falling among people living with dementia.
“Yoshikawa et al. found that pain was associated with risk of falling, but that analgesic use doubled the risk among people living with dementia.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Yoshikawa et al.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Premisecitation§ Additional information
Heilmann et al. demonstrated that procalcitonin-guided treatment duration reduced antibiotic use by 25%, across infection types and including the oldest age groups.
“Heilmann et al. demonstrated that procalcitonin-guided treatment duration reduced antibiotic used by 25%, across infection types and including the oldest age groups.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Heilmann et al.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Rests on an assumption: Under-treatment and recurrence of infection are common in antibiotic use.
- Interpretationcitation§ Dementia
The cognitive effects of delirium are not fully reversed on recovery.
“This adds to evidence that the cognitive effects of delirium are not fully reversed on recovery, and emphasises the importance of prevention.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Premisecitation§ Service effectiveness in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hip fracture, anxiety and vascular surgery
The proportion discharged home increased in that nurse-practitioner-led orthogeriatric service.
“Van Leendert et al. evaluated a nurse-practitioner-led in-patient orthogeriatric service for hip fracture patients, and found that mortality halved up to 1 year later, length of stay reduced, and proportion discharged home increased.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Van Leendert et al.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Premisecitation§ Additional information
This cognitive decline risk is separate from the risk of delirium.
“This is separate from the risk of delirium.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Neelamegham et al.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Study design and conductreasoning§ Falls
The association between analgesic use and falling risk must be interpreted with caution because alternative explanations are possible.
“This must be interpreted with caution, as alternative explanations for the association are possible.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Premisecitation§ COVID-19
Canouï-Poitrine et al. reported excess deaths from 6,500 nursing homes in France during the first pandemic wave.
“Canouï-Poitrine et al. report excess deaths from 6,500 nursing homes in France during the first pandemic wave.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Canouï-Poitrine et al.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Premisecitation§ Service effectiveness in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hip fracture, anxiety and vascular surgery
Anxiety and depression were significantly reduced in the programme.
“Anxiety and depression were significantly reduced, but some participants found the programme challenging and user satisfaction was only moderate.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Gould et al.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Premisecitation§ Falls
Different studies of falls exercises were inconsistent.
“However, different studies were inconsistent, their meta-analysis was dominated by findings from a few studies, and they conclude that evidence is still insufficient to make firm recommendations.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Li et al.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Premisecitation§ Falls
Yoshikawa et al. found that pain was associated with risk of falling.
“Yoshikawa et al. found that pain was associated with risk of falling, but that analgesic use doubled the risk among people living with dementia.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Yoshikawa et al.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Premisecitation§ Additional information
The size of the effect was fairly small, half a mini-mental state examination point on average.
“The size of the effect was fairly small, half a mini-mental state examination (MMSE) point on average, emphasising that risks and benefits should be judged on an individual basis.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Neelamegham et al.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Classified as probably not a substantial claim. 22
- May combine two claims. 9
- The quote only partly states this claim. 1
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
Premisecitation§ DementiaIndividual symptoms pre-empting deterioration included both positive features (delusions, hallucinations, agitation) and negative features (apathy, depression).
“Individual symptoms pre-empting deterioration included both 'positive' (delusions, hallucinations, agitation) and 'negative' (apathy, depression) features.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Liew
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).
Interpretationreasoning§ COVID-19Reducing community prevalence of COVID-19 is essential to protect people living in care homes.
“Risk increased with care home size and community prevalence, indicating that reducing community prevalence of COVID-19 is essential to protect those living in carehomes.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
Premisecitation§ COVID-19Van den Besselaar et al. reported that many COVID-19 cases in a nursing home outbreak had unrecognised, nonspecific symptoms such as sore throat, malaise or anorexia.
“Van den Besselaar et al. report that many COVID-19 cases in a nursing home outbreak had unrecognised, nonspecific symptoms, such as sore throat, malaise or anorexia.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Van den Besselaar et al.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
May combine two claims.
Premisecitation§ COVID-19The risk of outbreak increased with care home size and community prevalence.
“Risk increased with care home size and community prevalence, indicating that reducing community prevalence of COVID-19 is essential to protect those living in carehomes.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Burton et al.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
May combine two claims.
Premisecitation§ Service effectiveness in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hip fracture, anxiety and vascular surgeryThe vascular surgery intervention had previously been shown to reduce complications and length of hospital stay.
“The intervention had previously been shown to be effective at reducing complications and length of hospital stay.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Partridge et al.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
Premisecitation§ DementiaProlongation of life at all costs using tube feeding was not welcomed.
“Prolongation of life at all costs using tube feeding was not welcomed.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Anantapong et al.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Classified as probably not a substantial claim.
Study design and conductcitation§ FallsThe dataset did not specify the type of analgesic.
“The dataset did not specify type of analgesic, and it may have been pain or confounding variables rather than the pain-killer was causing the increased risk.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Yoshikawa et al.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
Premisecitation§ FallsOrthostatic hypotension prevalence was 35% in geriatric outpatients.
“In a systematic review, Tran et al. report that prevalence of orthostatic hypotension was 28% in the general population over 65 and 35% in geriatric outpatients.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Tran et al.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
Premisecitation§ DementiaFears about being infantilised or a burden were evident among participants.
“Maintaining identity, agency and quality of life were important, and fears about being infantilised or a burden were evident.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Anantapong et al.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
Premisecitation§ FallsTran et al.'s systematic review found orthostatic hypotension prevalence of 28% in the general population over 65.
“In a systematic review, Tran et al. report that prevalence of orthostatic hypotension was 28% in the general population over 65 and 35% in geriatric outpatients.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Tran et al.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.
Premisecitation§ DementiaLau et al. note tensions between Western and East Asian approaches to dementia care, but positive psychology can be in keeping with traditional Chinese cultural values when expressed as achieving interpersonal and intrapersonal harmony.
“Lau et al. note that there can be tensions between Western and East Asian approaches to dementia care, but that positive psychology can be in keeping with traditional Chinese cultural values when expressed as achieving interpersonal and intrapersonal harmony.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Lau et al.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
The quote only partly states this claim.
Premisecitation§ Service effectiveness in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hip fracture, anxiety and vascular surgeryPartridge et al. show that pre- and peri-operative geriatric surgical liaison for vascular surgery is cost-effective in terms of quality of life outcomes.
“They now show that this is cost-effective in terms of quality of life outcomes.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Partridge et al.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
Premisecitation§ DementiaLiew reports that early neuropsychiatric symptoms are associated with more severe dementia progression, especially in Alzheimer's disease.
“Liew reports that early neuropsychiatric symptoms are associated with more severe dementia progression, especially in Alzheimer's disease.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Liew
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
Premisecitation§ DementiaParticipants with mild dementia felt that eating and drinking problems were not immediately relevant.
“Participants felt that these were not immediately relevant, and so wishes in the event of future problems were left undiscussed.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Anantapong et al.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
Premisecitation§ Service effectiveness in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hip fracture, anxiety and vascular surgeryThe programme comprised a 16-session Acceptance and Commitment Therapy intervention based on living with rather than suppressing distressing thoughts.
“This comprised a 16-session psychotherapeutic intervention called Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, based on 'living with' rather than supressing distressing thoughts.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Gould et al.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.
Premisecitation§ FallsLi et al. found that strength and balance exercises reduce the rate of falls by 30% in people with cognitive impairment, similar to the effect in cognitively intact older people.
“Li et al. report that strength and balance exercises reduce rate of falls by 30% in people with cognitive impairment, similar to the effect in older people who are cognitively intact.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Li et al.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Classified as probably not a substantial claim.
Premisecitation§ FallsLi et al. conclude that evidence is still insufficient to make firm recommendations.
“However, different studies were inconsistent, their meta-analysis was dominated by findings from a few studies, and they conclude that evidence is still insufficient to make firm recommendations.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Li et al.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
May combine two claims.
Premisecitation§ DementiaRichardson et al. found that patients suffering delirium had a persisting decrease in cognitive functioning, but this was not found for those without delirium.
“Patients suffering delirium had a persisting decrease in their cognitive functioning, but reassuringly, this was not found for those without delirium.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Richardson et al.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.
Premisecitation§ DementiaMaintaining identity, agency and quality of life were important to participants.
“Maintaining identity, agency and quality of life were important, and fears about being infantilised or a burden were evident.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Anantapong et al.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
Premisecitation§ DementiaThe best time to initiate future care planning discussions was not clear.
“The best time to initiate future care planning discussions was not clear.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Anantapong et al.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
Premisecitation§ Service effectiveness in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hip fracture, anxiety and vascular surgerySome participants found the programme challenging.
“Anxiety and depression were significantly reduced, but some participants found the programme challenging and user satisfaction was only moderate.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Gould et al.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
Premisecitation§ Service effectiveness in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hip fracture, anxiety and vascular surgeryUser satisfaction with the programme was only moderate.
“Anxiety and depression were significantly reduced, but some participants found the programme challenging and user satisfaction was only moderate.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Gould et al.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
Premisecitation§ COVID-19Care home staff training was required for the point-of-care PCR testing.
“Care home staff training was required.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Micocci et al.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.
Interpretationreasoning§ FallsThe increased risk may have been due to pain or confounding variables rather than the pain-killer.
“The dataset did not specify type of analgesic, and it may have been pain or confounding variables rather than the pain-killer was causing the increased risk.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimMay combine two claims.
Premisecitation§ COVID-19The point-of-care PCR test accuracy was good compared with laboratory PCR for asymptomatic screening and diagnostic testing of possible cases, and better than lateral flow devices.
“Test accuracy was good compared with laboratory PCR, for both asymptomatic screening and diagnostic testing of possible cases, and better than achievable by lateral flow devices.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Micocci et al.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
Premisecitation§ COVID-19Those deaths represented half of all excess deaths in the population.
“Mortality increased by 43% and represented half of all excess deaths in the population.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Canouï-Poitrine et al.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
Premisecitation§ DementiaWishes in the event of future eating and drinking problems were left undiscussed.
“Participants felt that these were not immediately relevant, and so wishes in the event of future problems were left undiscussed.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Anantapong et al.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
May combine two claims.
Premisecitation§ Additional informationWitham et al. successfully developed a primary-care-based sarcopenia registry, SarcNet, screening members of the population and gaining agreement for re-contact for research.
“Witham et al. successfully developed a primary-care-based sarcopenia registry, SarcNet, screening members of the population and gaining agreement for re-contact for research.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Witham et al.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Rests on an assumption: Sarcopenia is not often formally diagnosed in clinical practice, and structured interventions are rarely delivered.
The paper relies on this without support.
Geriatricians recognised that COVID-19 could present with delirium well before official guidance acknowledged this.
“Geriatricians were aware of COVID-19 presenting with delirium long before this was recognised by official guidance.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Falls prevention guidelines differ across the world.
“Worldwide, different falls prevention guidelines are inconsistent.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Complex interventions for frail older people are technically difficult to evaluate in trials and often depend heavily on context.
“Clinicians are forever asked for the evidence that their services are effective, but the complex interventions appropriate for frail older people are technically difficult to evaluate in trials, and often depend heavily on context.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Twenty per cent of older Australians take regular opioids.
“Twenty per cent of older Australians take regular opioids.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Sarcopenia is one of relatively few fundamental biological variables that determine how ageing affects health.
“Sarcopenia is one of relatively few fundamental biological variables that determine the impact of ageing on health.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Sarcopenia is not often formally diagnosed in clinical practice, and structured interventions are rarely delivered.
“Sarcopenia is not often diagnosed formally in clinical practice, and structured interventions are rarely delivered.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Under-treatment and recurrence of infection are common in antibiotic use.
“Antibiotic stewardship is vital, but under-treatment and recurrence of infection are common.”
- Authors
- Harwood, R. H.
- Corresponding author
- Harwood, Rowan H
- Venue
- Age and Ageing
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2021-09
- Volume
- 50
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1431-1432
- ISSN
- 0002-0729 (ISSN-L)
- 1468-2834
- OpenAlex
- W4210618442
- Cited by
- 0
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 0.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model (vor)
- Locations
- Age and Ageing (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Geriatric Care and Nursing Homes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine › Intensive Care Unit Cognitive Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, delirium, nursing homes, care homes, infection control, complex interventions, frail elderly, geriatric mental health
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Claims read by deepseek-v4.1-flash under definition version 3 (extract-v3) on 2026-09-28.
Classified by jev-1.13-20260917 (gold-guideline-v0.2) on 2026-09-28.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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