The DOI matches its Crossref record; 26 of the 26 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Resistance exercise as a treatment for sarcopenia: prescription and delivery
Open accessAbstract
Sarcopenia is a generalised skeletal muscle disorder characterised by reduced muscle strength and mass and associated with a range of negative health outcomes. Currently, resistance exercise (RE) is recommended as the first-line treatment for counteracting the deleterious consequences of sarcopenia in older adults. However, whilst there is considerable evidence demonstrating that RE is an effective intervention for improving muscle strength and function in healthy older adults, much less is known about its benefits in older people living with sarcopenia. Furthermore, evidence for its optimal prescription and delivery is very limited and any potential benefits of RE are unlikely to be realised in the absence of an appropriate exercise dose. We provide a summary of the underlying principles of effective RE prescription (specificity, overload and progression) and discuss the main variables (training frequency, exercise selection, exercise intensity, exercise volume and rest periods) that can be manipulated when designing RE programmes. Following this, we propose that an RE programme that consists of two exercise sessions per week and involves a combination of upper- and lower-body exercises performed with a relatively high degree of effort for 1–3 sets of 6–12 repetitions is appropriate as a treatment for sarcopenia. The principles of RE prescription outlined here and the proposed RE programme presented in this paper provide a useful resource for clinicians and exercise practitioners treating older adults with sarcopenia and will also be of value to researchers for standardising approaches to RE interventions in future sarcopenia studies.
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“The most potent non-pharmacological intervention for treating sarcopenia is resistance training [89].”
From Creatine monohydrate supplementation for older adults and clinical populations (2025) · cites this paper as [89]
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Cites
Sarcopenia: revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis
Cruz-Jentoft, A. J., Bahat, G., Bauer, J., Boirie, Y., Bruyère, O., Cederholm, T., Cooper, C., Landi, F., Rolland, Y., Sayer, A. A., et al. (2019) · Age and Ageing · doi:10.1093/ageing/afy169 · Cited by 13,818
Self-citationExercise and Physical Activity for Older Adults
Chodzko-Zajko, W. J., Proctor, D. N., Fiatarone Singh, M. A., Minson, C. T., Nigg, C. R., Salem, G. J., & Skinner, J. S. (2009) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e3181a0c95c · Cited by 5,153
Progression Models in Resistance Training for Healthy Adults
(2009) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e3181915670 · Cited by 4,332 · cited 7×
“Previous work has suggested that higher intensity RE may be the most effective prescription for improving muscle strength [55], although this is far from definitive as RE at both moderate [56] and low intensities can induce substantial improvements [29, 57].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSarcopenia: revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis
Cruz-Jentoft, A. J., Bahat, G., Bauer, J., Boirie, Y., Bruyère, O., Cederholm, T., Cooper, C., Landi, F., Rolland, Y., Sayer, A. A., et al. (2019) · Age and Ageing · doi:10.1093/ageing/afz046 · Cited by 3,803
Self-citationFundamentals of Resistance Training: Progression and Exercise Prescription
KRAEMER, W. J., & RATAMESS, N. A. (2004) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000121945.36635.61 · Cited by 1,992 · cited 2×
“of 6–12 repetitions appear to be appropriate [28, 29, 33].”
BackgroundSARC-F: a symptom score to predict persons with sarcopenia at risk for poor functional outcomes
Malmstrom, T. K., Miller, D. K., Simonsick, E. M., Ferrucci, L., & Morley, J. E. (2016) · Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle · doi:10.1002/jcsm.12048 · Cited by 1,155 · cited 1×
“annual health checks using the SARC-F questionnaire [72]) could be useful.”
MethodDent, E., Morley, J. E., Cruz-Jentoft, A. J., Arai, H., Kritchevsky, S. B., Guralnik, J., Bauer, J. M., Pahor, M., Clark, B. C., Cesari, M., et al. (2018) · The Journal of nutrition, health and aging · doi:10.1007/s12603-018-1139-9 · Cited by 1,130 · cited 2×
“Current clinical practice guidelines advocate resistance exercise (RE) as the primary strategy for treatment of sarcopenia [7].”
BackgroundYeung, S. S. Y., Reijnierse, E. M., Pham, V. K., Trappenburg, M. C., Lim, W. K., Meskers, C. G. M., & Maier, A. B. (2019) · Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle · doi:10.1002/jcsm.12411 · Cited by 1,115
Cadore, E. L., Rodríguez-Mañas, L., Sinclair, A., & Izquierdo, M. (2013) · Rejuvenation Research · doi:10.1089/rej.2012.1397 · Cited by 954
Sarcopenia as a risk factor for falls in elderly individuals: results from the ilSIRENTE study
Landi, F., Liperoti, R., Russo, A., Giovannini, S., Tosato, M., Capoluongo, E., Bernabei, R., & Onder, G. (2012) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2012.02.007 · Cited by 938
Cited by
Valenzuela, P. L., Saco-Ledo, G., Morales, J. S., Gallardo-Gómez, D., Morales-Palomo, F., López-Ortiz, S., Rivas-Baeza, B., Castillo-García, A., Jiménez-Pavón, D., Santos-Lozano, A., et al. (2023) · The Lancet Healthy Longevity · doi:10.1016/s2666-7568(23)00057-0 · Cited by 173
Cuyul-Vásquez, I., Pezo-Navarrete, J., Vargas-Arriagada, C., Ortega-Díaz, C., Sepúlveda-Loyola, W., Hirabara, S. M., & Marzuca-Nassr, G. N. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15153424 · Cited by 56
Liao, C.-D., Huang, S.-W., Chen, H.-C., Huang, M.-H., Liou, T.-H., & Lin, C.-L. (2024) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu16070941 · Cited by 45
Creatine monohydrate supplementation for older adults and clinical populations
Candow, D. G., Ostojic, S. M., Chilibeck, P. D., Longobardi, I., Gualano, B., Tarnopolsky, M. A., Wallimann, T., Moriarty, T., Kreider, R. B., Forbes, S. C., et al. (2025) · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · doi:10.1080/15502783.2025.2534130 · Cited by 43
Cheah, K. J., & Cheah, L. J. (2023) · Nutrition Journal · doi:10.1186/s12937-023-00880-7 · Cited by 29
Training modalities for elder sarcopenic obesity: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Qiu, H., Zheng, W., Zhou, X., Liu, Q., & Zhao, X. (2025) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2025.1537291 · Cited by 17
Cheng, K. Y.-K., Bao, Z., Long, Y., Liu, C., Huang, T., Cui, C., Chow, S. K.-H., Wong, R. M. Y., & Cheung, W.-H. (2023) · Subcellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-26576-1_6 · Cited by 14
Study on the comorbid mechanisms of sarcopenia and late-life depression
Wu, J., Tang, J., Huang, D., Wang, Y., Zhou, E., Ru, Q., Xu, G., Chen, L., & Wu, Y. (2025) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115538 · Cited by 12
Binmahfoz, A., Johnston, L., Dunning, E., Gray, C. M., & Gray, S. R. (2025) · Nutrition & Metabolism · doi:10.1186/s12986-025-00986-1 · Cited by 8
“As mentioned, these studies involved supervised, facility-based exercise interventions, and this may have provided a higher training stimulus compared to our home-based programme for the retention of fat free mass [43–46].”
Metadata
- Authors
- Hurst, C., Robinson, S. M., Witham, M. D., Dodds, R. M., Granic, A., Buckland, C., De Biase, S., Finnegan, S., Rochester, L., Skelton, D. A., & Sayer, A. A.
- Venue
- Age and Ageing
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2022-02
- Volume
- 51
- Issue
- 2
- ISSN
- 0002-0729 (ISSN-L)
- 1468-2834
- OpenAlex
- W4205268013
- Cited by
- 319
- References
- 26
- FWCI
- 32.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
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