The DOI matches its Crossref record; 37 of the 37 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Infertility, Fertility Drugs, and Ovarian Cancer: A Pooled Analysis of Case-Control Studies
Abstract
Controversy surrounds the relations among infertility, fertility drug use, and the risk of ovarian cancer. The authors pooled interview data on infertility and fertility drug use from eight case-control studies conducted between 1989 and 1999 in the United States, Denmark, Canada, and Australia. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated, adjusting for age, race, family history of ovarian cancer, duration of oral contraception use, tubal ligation, gravidity, education, and site. Included in the analysis were 5,207 cases and 7,705 controls. Among nulligravid women, attempts for more than 5 years to become pregnant compared with attempts for less than 1 year increased the risk of ovarian cancer 2.67-fold (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.91, 3.74). Among nulliparous, subfertile women, neither any fertility drug use (odds ratio (OR) = 1.60, 95% CI: 0.90, 2.87) nor more than 12 months of use (OR = 1.54, 95% CI: 0.45, 5.27) was associated with ovarian cancer. Fertility drug use in nulligravid women was associated with borderline serous tumors (OR = 2.43, 95% CI: 1.01, 5.88) but not with any invasive histologic subtypes. Endometriosis (OR = 1.73, 95% CI: 1.10, 2.71) and unknown cause of infertility (OR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.40) increased cancer risk. These data suggest a role for specific biologic causes of infertility, but not for fertility drugs in overall risk for ovarian cancer.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
ON ESTIMATING THE RELATION BETWEEN BLOOD GROUP AND DISEASE
WOOLF, B. (1955) · Annals of Human Genetics · doi:10.1111/j.1469-1809.1955.tb01348.x · Cited by 2,723
Whittmore, A. S., Harris, R., & Itnyre, J. (1992) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116427 · Cited by 1,000
Ovarian Tumors in a Cohort of Infertile Women
Rossing, M. A., Daling, J. R., Weiss, N. S., Moore, D. E., & Self, S. G. (1994) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199409223311204 · Cited by 721
AGREEMENT BETWEEN QUESTIONNAIRE DATA AND MEDICAL RECORDS
HARLOW, S. D., & LINET, M. S. (1989) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115129 · Cited by 609
Possible Role of Ovarian Epithelial Inflammation in Ovarian Cancer
Ness, R. B., & Cottreau, C. (1999) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/91.17.1459 · Cited by 588
Self-citationCancer risk after a hospital discharge diagnosis of endometriosis
Brinton, L. A., Gridley, G., Persson, I., Baron, J., & Bergqvist, A. (1997) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9378(97)70550-7 · Cited by 547
Whittemore, A. S., Harris, R., Itnyre, J., Halpern, J., & the Collaborative Ovarian Cancer Group (1992) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116426 · Cited by 525
Malignant neoplasms arising in endometriosis
Heaps, J., Nieberg, R., & Berek, J. (1991) · International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics · doi:10.1016/0020-7292(91)90262-4 · Cited by 393
Factors Related to Inflammation of the Ovarian Epithelium and Risk of Ovarian Cancer
Ness, R. B., Grisso, J. A., Cottreau, C., Klapper, J., Vergona, R., Wheeler, J. E., Morgan, M., & Schlesselman, J. J. (2000) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/00001648-200003000-00006 · Cited by 363
Self-citationCancer Incidence in a Cohort of Infertile Woman
Modan, B., Ron, E., Lerner-Geva, L., Blumstein, T., Menczer, J., Rabinovici, J., Oelsner, G., Freedman, L., Mashiach, S., & Lunenfeld, B. (1998) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009397 · Cited by 361
Cited by
Epidemiology of ovarian cancer: a review
Brett M., R., Brett M., R., Jennifer B., P., Thomas A., S., Jennifer B., P., & Thomas A., S. (2017) · Cancer Biology & Medicine · doi:10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2016.0084 · Cited by 1,524
Pearce, C. L., Templeman, C., Rossing, M. A., Lee, A., Near, A. M., Webb, P. M., Nagle, C. M., Doherty, J. A., Cushing-Haugen, K. L., Wicklund, K. G., et al. (2012) · The Lancet Oncology · doi:10.1016/s1470-2045(11)70404-1 · Cited by 939
Self-citationThe Origin and Pathogenesis of Endometriosis
Wang, Y., Nicholes, K., & Shih, I.-M. (2020) · Annual Review of Pathology: Mechanisms of Disease · doi:10.1146/annurev-pathmechdis-012419-032654 · Cited by 455
Endometriosis: a high-risk population for major chronic diseases?
Kvaskoff, M., Mu, F., Terry, K. L., Harris, H. R., Poole, E. M., Farland, L., & Missmer, S. A. (2015) · Human Reproduction Update · doi:10.1093/humupd/dmv013 · Cited by 439
Priorities for Endometriosis Research: Recommendations From an International Consensus Workshop
Rogers, P. A. W., D’Hooghe, T. M., Fazleabas, A., Gargett, C. E., Giudice, L. C., Montgomery, G. W., Rombauts, L., Salamonsen, L. A., & Zondervan, K. T. (2009) · Reproductive Sciences · doi:10.1177/1933719108330568 · Cited by 346
Metadata
- Authors
- Ness, R. B.
- Venue
- American Journal of Epidemiology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2002-02-01
- Volume
- 155
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 217-224
- ISSN
- 0002-9262 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2146239695
- Cited by
- 422
- References
- 37
- FWCI
- 17.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Infertility, Fertility Drugs, and Ovarian Cancer: A Pooled Analysis of Case-Control Studies. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1093/aje/155.3.217
- The paper
- Ness, R. B. (2002). Infertility, Fertility Drugs, and Ovarian Cancer: A Pooled Analysis of Case-Control Studies. American Journal of Epidemiology. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/155.3.217
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
