The DOI matches its Crossref record; 30 of the 30 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Risk Factors for Ectopic Pregnancy: A Comprehensive Analysis Based on a Large Case-Control, Population-based Study in France
Abstract
This case-control study was associated with a regional register of ectopic pregnancy between 1993 and 2000 in France. It included 803 cases of ectopic pregnancy and 1,683 deliveries and was powerful enough to investigate all ectopic pregnancy risk factors. The main risk factors were infectious history (adjusted attributable risk = 0.33; adjusted odds ratio for previous pelvic infectious disease = 3.4, 95% percent confidence interval (CI): 2.4, 5.0) and smoking (adjusted attributable risk = 0.35; adjusted odds ratio = 3.9, 95% CI: 2.6, 5.9 for >20 cigarettes/day vs. women who had never smoked). The other risk factors were age (associated per se with a risk of ectopic pregnancy), prior spontaneous abortions, history of infertility, and previous use of an intrauterine device. Prior medical induced abortion was associated with a risk of ectopic pregnancy (adjusted odds ratio = 2.8, 95% CI: 1.1, 7.2); no such association was observed for surgical abortion (adjusted odds ratio = 1.1, 95% CI: 0.8, 1.6). The total attributable risk of all the factors investigated was 0.76. As close associations were found between ectopic pregnancy and infertility and between ectopic pregnancy and spontaneous abortion, further research into ectopic pregnancy should focus on risk factors common to these conditions. In terms of public health, increasing awareness of the effects of smoking may be useful for ectopic pregnancy prevention.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
(1990) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.27-3338 · Cited by 35,305
Estimating the population attributable risk for multiple risk factors using case-control data.
BRUZZI, P., GREEN, S. B., BYAR, D. P., BRINTON, L. A., & SCHAIRER, C. (1985) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114174 · Cited by 1,214
The use of fractional polynomials to model continuous risk variables in epidemiology
Royston, P., Ambler, G., & Sauerbrei, W. (1999) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/28.5.964 · Cited by 1,066
The antiestrogenic effect of cigarette smoking in women
Baron, J. A., La Vecchia, C., & Levi, F. (1990) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/0002-9378(90)90420-c · Cited by 592
Risk factors for ectopic pregnancy: a meta-analysis
Ankum, W. M., Mol, B. W. J., Van der Veen, F., & Bossuyt, P. M. M. (1996) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)58320-4 · Cited by 489
EFFECT OF ACUTE PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE ON FERTILITY
WESTRÖM, L. (1975) · Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey · doi:10.1097/00006254-197508000-00022 · Cited by 415
Incidence, trends, and risks of ectopic pregnancy in a population of women.
Weström, L., Bengtsson, L. P., & Mårdh, P. A. (1981) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.282.6257.15 · Cited by 282
Egger, M., Low, N., Smith, G. D., Lindblom, B., & Herrmann, B. (1998) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.316.7147.1776 · Cited by 212
Weström, L., Bengtsson, L., & Mårdh, P.-A. (1976) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(76)91025-4 · Cited by 211
Risk factors for ectopic pregnancy. A population-based study
Marchbanks, P. A. (1988) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.259.12.1823 · Cited by 146
Cited by
Demographic and medical consequences of the postponement of parenthood
Schmidt, L., Sobotka, T., Bentzen, J. G., Nyboe Andersen, A., & on behalf of the ESHRE Reproduction and Society Task Force (2012) · Human Reproduction Update · doi:10.1093/humupd/dmr040 · Cited by 656
Price, M. J., Ades, A., Soldan, K., Welton, N. J., Macleod, J., Simms, I., DeAngelis, D., Turner, K. M., & Horner, P. J. (2016) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/hta20220 · Cited by 494
The reproductive significance of human Fallopian tube cilia
Lyons, R. A., Saridogan, E., & Djahanbakhch, O. (2006) · Human Reproduction Update · doi:10.1093/humupd/dml012 · Cited by 472
Farquhar, C. M. (2005) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)67103-6 · Cited by 472
Smoke, alcohol and drug addiction and male fertility
Sansone, A., Di Dato, C., de Angelis, C., Menafra, D., Pozza, C., Pivonello, R., Isidori, A., & Gianfrilli, D. (2018) · Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology · doi:10.1186/s12958-018-0320-7 · Cited by 324
Metadata
- Authors
- Bouyer, J.
- Venue
- American Journal of Epidemiology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2003-02-01
- Volume
- 157
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 185-194
- ISSN
- 0002-9262 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2122602465
- Cited by
- 532
- References
- 30
- FWCI
- 13.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Risk Factors for Ectopic Pregnancy: A Comprehensive Analysis Based on a Large Case-Control, Population-based Study in France. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1093/aje/kwf190
- The paper
- Bouyer, J. (2003). Risk Factors for Ectopic Pregnancy: A Comprehensive Analysis Based on a Large Case-Control, Population-based Study in France. American Journal of Epidemiology. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwf190
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
