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The Mediterranean Diet and Incidence of Hypertension: The Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) Study
Open accessAbstract
The Mediterranean diet is receiving increasing attention in cardiovascular epidemiology. The association of adherence to the Mediterranean diet with the incidence of hypertension was evaluated among 9,408 men and women enrolled in a dynamic Spanish prospective cohort study during 1999-2005. Dietary intake was assessed at baseline with a validated semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire, and a 9-point Mediterranean diet score was constructed. During a median follow-up period of 4.2 years (range, 1.9-7.9), 501 incident cases of hypertension were identified. After adjustment for major hypertension risk factors and nutritional covariates, adherence to the Mediterranean diet was not associated with hypertension (the hazard ratio was 1.10 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.81, 1.41) for moderate adherence and 1.12 (95% CI: 0.79, 1.60) for high adherence). However, it was associated with reduced changes in mean levels of systolic blood pressure (moderate adherence, -2.4 mm Hg (95% CI: -4.0, -0.8); high adherence, -3.1 mm Hg (95% CI: -5.4, -0.8)) and diastolic blood pressure (moderate adherence, -1.3 mm Hg (95% CI: -2.5, -0.1); high adherence, -1.9 mm Hg (95% CI: -3.6, -0.1)) after 6 years of follow-up. These results suggest that adhering to a Mediterranean-type diet could contribute to the prevention of age-related changes in blood pressure.
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“Several population-based and prospective epidemiological studies have shown that adherence to the Mediterranean diet might have a protective effect against cardiovascular disease, stroke, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, several type of cancers, allergic diseases and, most recently, Alzheimer and Parkinson’s disease (7–18).”
From Health Benefits of the Mediterranean Diet: Metabolic and Molecular Mechanisms (2018) · cites this paper as [12]
In the citing paper
“Like other liquid calories (except milk), alcohol intake also associates with higher long-term weight gain.287”
From Dietary and Policy Priorities for Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes, and Obesity: A Comprehensive Review (2016) · cites this paper as [287]
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Eckel, R. H., Jakicic, J. M., Ard, J. D., de Jesus, J. M., Miller, N. H., Hubbard, V. S., Lee, I.-M., Lichtenstein, A. H., Loria, C. M., Millen, B. E., et al. (2014) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000437740.48606.d1 · Cited by 2,261
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“Like other liquid calories (with the exception of milk), alcohol intake also is associated with higher long-term weight gain.(287) Conversely, in comparison with nondrinkers, regular moderate alcohol consumption – up to ≈2 drinks per day for men, ≈1 to 1.”
2013 AHA/ACC Guideline on Lifestyle Management to Reduce Cardiovascular Risk
Eckel, R. H., Jakicic, J. M., Ard, J. D., de Jesus, J. M., Houston Miller, N., Hubbard, V. S., Lee, I.-M., Lichtenstein, A. H., Loria, C. M., Millen, B. E., et al. (2014) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2013.11.003 · Cited by 1,160
The Effect of Mediterranean Diet on Metabolic Syndrome and its Components
Kastorini, C.-M., Milionis, H. J., Esposito, K., Giugliano, D., Goudevenos, J. A., & Panagiotakos, D. B. (2011) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2010.09.073 · Cited by 1,087
Health Benefits of the Mediterranean Diet: Metabolic and Molecular Mechanisms
Tosti, V., Bertozzi, B., & Fontana, L. (2018) · The Journals of Gerontology: Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glx227 · Cited by 762
Metadata
- Authors
- Nunez-Cordoba, J. M., Valencia-Serrano, F., Toledo, E., Alonso, A., & Martinez-Gonzalez, M. A.
- ORCID
- Toledo, E.
- Venue
- American Journal of Epidemiology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2008-11-25
- Volume
- 169
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 339-346
- ISSN
- 0002-9262 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-6256
- OpenAlex
- W2155218187
- Cited by
- 163
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 10.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Licence
- other-oa
- Locations
- American Journal of Epidemiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Deposito Adademico Digital Universidad De Navarra (University of Navarra) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Sodium Intake and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
- Keywords
- Mediterranean diet, hypertension incidence, dietary adherence, Mediterranean diet score, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, blood pressure changes, hypertension prevention, Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra cohort
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Energy Intake, Female, Humans, Hypertension, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Spain, Incidence, Diet, Mediterranean
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