Sex Steroid Hormone Concentrations and Risk of Death in US Men
Open accessAbstract
The association of sex hormone levels with mortality over a median of 16 years of follow-up was evaluated in a prospective cohort study. The study included 1,114 US men who participated in phase 1 (1988-1991) of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Mortality Study and had no history of cardiovascular disease or cancer at baseline. Multivariable adjusted hazard ratios for all-cause mortality associated with a decrease in hormone concentration equal to the difference between the 90th and 10th percentiles of the sex hormone distributions were estimated by using proportional hazards regression. The hazard ratios associated with low free testosterone and low bioavailable testosterone levels were 1.43 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.09, 1.87) and 1.52 (95% CI: 1.15, 2.02), respectively, for follow-up between baseline and year 9; they were 0.94 (95% CI: 0.51, 1.72) and 0.98 (95% CI: 0.56, 1.72), respectively, for follow-up between year 9 and year 18. Men with low free and bioavailable testosterone levels may have a higher risk of mortality within 9 years of hormone measurement. Future studies should be conducted to fully characterize the association of low free and bioavailable testosterone concentrations and mortality in men and to describe the mechanism underlying the association.
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Men with low levels of free testosterone and bioavailable testosterone are at a higher risk of mortality.
“some studies have also demonstrated that men with low levels of free testosterone and bioavailable testosterone are at a higher risk of mortality, 8-10”
From Cigarette smoking has a positive and independent effect on testosterone levels (2013) · cites this paper as [8]
The Discussion reports that low free and bioavailable testosterone were associated with higher mortality in adult US men during the first nine years after measurement. The citing sentence omits that time limit: the association did not persist during follow-up from years 9 to 18. (LLM, conf=0.85)
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Cigarette smoking has a positive and independent effect on testosterone levels
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- Authors
- Menke, A., Guallar, E., Rohrmann, S., Nelson, W. G., Rifai, N., Kanarek, N., Feinleib, M., Michos, E. D., Dobs, A., & Platz, E. A.
- Affiliations
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Platz, Elizabeth A.
- ORCID
- Venue
- American Journal of Epidemiology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2010-01-18
- Volume
- 171
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 583-592
- ISSN
- 0002-9262 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-6256
- PMC
- PMC6596446
- OpenAlex
- W2125314787
- Cited by
- 141
- References
- 4
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 9.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- American Journal of Epidemiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Johns Hopkins University
- NIH
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal and reproductive studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Sperm and Testicular Function
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Prostate Cancer Treatment and Research
- Keywords
- sex hormones, testosterone, free testosterone, bioavailable testosterone, all-cause mortality, men, hormone levels, mortality risk
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cardiovascular Diseases, Forecasting, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Mortality, Neoplasms, Gonadal Steroid Hormones, United States, Risk Assessment, Young Adult
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