The DOI matches its Crossref record; 38 of the 38 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Changing Epidemiology of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the United States: A National Observational Study
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) can cause major illness and death and impose serious economic costs on patients and hospitals. Community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) is a growing problem in US hospitals, which are already dealing with high levels of hospital-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA), but little is known about how patient age and seasonal differences in the incidence of these 2 forms of MRSA affect the epidemic. By using national data on hospitalizations and antibiotic resistance, we estimated the magnitude and trends in annual S. aureus and MRSA hospitalization rates from 2005-2009 by patient age, infection type, and resistance phenotype (CA-MRSA vs. HA-MRSA). Although no statistically significant increase in the hospitalization rate was seen over the study period, the total number of infections increased. In 2009, there were an estimated 463,017 (95% confidence interval: 441,595, 484,439) MRSA-related hospitalizations at a rate of 11.74 (95% confidence interval: 11.20, 12.28) per 1,000 hospitalizations. We observed significant differences in infection type by age, with HA-MRSA-related hospitalizations being more common in older individuals. We also noted significant seasonality in incidence, particularly in children, with CA-MRSA peaking in the late summer and HA-MRSA peaking in the winter, which may be caused by seasonal shifts in antibiotic prescribing patterns.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“However, although there have been significant increases in the incidence of MRSA infections in the last decade, particularly community‐associated MRSA (CA‐MRSA),64 there was not enough data to draw any inferences regarding temporal changes in the etiology of coinfecting pathogens.”
From The frequency of influenza and bacterial coinfection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. (2016) · cites this paper as [64]
In the citing paper
“Given that over 25% of identified isolates were S. aureus, and that approximately 50% of hospital S. aureus isolates are MRSA,64 our study supports IDSA recommendations for empiric coverage of CA‐MRSA in influenza‐related pneumonia patients.63”
From The frequency of influenza and bacterial coinfection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. (2016) · cites this paper as [64]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Waves of resistance: Staphylococcus aureus in the antibiotic era
Chambers, H. F., & DeLeo, F. R. (2009) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/nrmicro2200 · Cited by 2,718
The role of nasal carriage in Staphylococcus aureus infections
Wertheim, H. F., Melles, D. C., Vos, M. C., van Leeuwen, W., van Belkum, A., Verbrugh, H. A., & Nouwen, J. L. (2005) · The Lancet Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(05)70295-4 · Cited by 2,685
STL : A Seasonal-Trend Decomposition Procedure Based on Loess
Cleveland, R. B. (1990) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 2,244
Diep, B. A., Gill, S. R., Chang, R. F., Phan, T. H., Chen, J. H., Davidson, M. G., Lin, F., Lin, J., Carleton, H. A., Mongodin, E. F., et al. (2006) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(06)68231-7 · Cited by 1,633
On the Exact Variance of Products
Goodman, L. A. (1960) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.1080/01621459.1960.10483369 · Cited by 1,467
Emergence and resurgence of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus as a public-health threat
Grundmann, H., Aires-de-Sousa, M., Boyce, J. M., & Tiemersma, E. W. (2006) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(06)68853-3 · Cited by 1,096
Dissemination of New Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Clones in the Community
Okuma, K., Iwakawa, K., Turnidge, J. D., Grubb, W. B., Bell, J. M., O’Brien, F. G., Coombs, G. W., Pearman, J. W., Tenover, F. C., Kapi, M., et al. (2002) · Journal of Clinical Microbiology · doi:10.1128/jcm.40.11.4289-4294.2002 · Cited by 888
Klein, E. Y., Smith, D. L., & Laxminarayan, R. (2007) · Emerging infectious diseases · doi:10.3201/eid1312.070629 · Cited by 880
Self-citationCosgrove, S. E., Qi, Y., Kaye, K. S., Harbarth, S., Karchmer, A. W., & Carmeli, Y. (2005) · Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology · doi:10.1086/502522 · Cited by 856
Veterans Affairs Initiative to Prevent Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infections
Jain, R., Kralovic, S. M., Evans, M. E., Ambrose, M., Simbartl, L. A., Obrosky, D. S., Render, M. L., Freyberg, R. W., Jernigan, J. A., Muder, R. R., et al. (2011) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1007474 · Cited by 496
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Houchens, 2005, Final Report on Calculating Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) Variances, 2001
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–155 of 155
Thabit, A. K., Nicolau, D. P., & Kuti, J. L. (2015) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.02033-15 · Cited by 8
The Future of Peritoneal Dialysis in a Moving Landscape of Bacterial Resistance
Toleman, M. A. (2017) · Peritoneal Dialysis International · doi:10.3747/pdi.2016.00038 · Cited by 8
Teng, F., Wan, T., Guo, S., Liu, X., Cai, J.-F., Qi, X., & Liu, W.-X. (2019) · Medicina Clínica · doi:10.1016/j.medcli.2019.03.021 · Cited by 8
Liu, Y., Lu, J., Lin, L.-C., Lin, H., & Chen, C. (2020) · Journal of Proteome Research · doi:10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00134 · Cited by 8
Gandra, S., Braykov, N. P., & Laxminarayan, R. (2013) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/cit682 · Cited by 8
Self-citationBallah, F. M., Hoque, M. N., Islam, M. S., Faisal, G. M., Rahman, A.-M. M. T., Khatun, M. M., Rahman, M., Hassan, J., & Rahman, M. T. (2024) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2024/5516117 · Cited by 7
Tian, Y., Stockmann, C. R., Balch, A. H., Spigarelli, M. G., & Sherwin, C. M. T. (2013) · International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents · doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2013.10.002 · Cited by 7
Bretl, D. J., Elfessi, A. M., Watkins, H. R., & Schwan, W. R. (2019) · Toxins · doi:10.3390/toxins11070391 · Cited by 7
Zheng, X., Wang, X., Zhou, J. S., Xiang, J., & Xie, L. (2014) · Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine · doi:10.3892/etm.2014.2147 · Cited by 7
Dettmann, P., Skiba, M., Stern, D., Weisemann, J., Mages, H. W., Krez, N., Dorner, M. B., Schaarschmidt, S., Avondet, M. A., Fulde, M., et al. (2025) · Toxins · doi:10.3390/toxins17060265 · Cited by 6
Biocompatible antibacterial nanoparticles prepared by assembling polycaprolactone-lysine-dendrimers
Qian, Y., Huang, S., Li, Y., & Zhou, C. (2020) · European Polymer Journal · doi:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109956 · Cited by 6
Zhou, Y., Yu, S., Su, C., Gao, S., Jiang, G., Zhou, Z., & Li, H. (2023) · Pathogens · doi:10.3390/pathogens12040549 · Cited by 6
Schwan, W. R., Polanowski, R., Dunman, P. M., Medina-Bielski, S., Lane, M., Rott, M. A., Lipker, L., Wescott, A., Monte, A. P., Cook, J. M., et al. (2017) · Antibiotics · doi:10.3390/antibiotics6030017 · Cited by 6
Abdolahi, A., & Khodavandi, A. (2019) · Journal of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences · doi:10.34172/jsums.2019.10 · Cited by 6
Aborah, E., Ayitah, M., Boafo, K. F., Ortiz-Alegria, A., Lekshmi, M., Dhanush, C. K., Kumar, S. H., & Varela, M. F. (2025) · Exploration of Drug Science · doi:10.37349/eds.2025.100897 · Cited by 5
Mutations of the brpR and brpS genes affect biofilm formation in Staphylococcus aureus
Zank, A., Schulte, L., Brandon, X., Carstensen, L., Wescott, A., & Schwan, W. R. (2022) · World Journal of Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.5495/wjcid.v12.i1.20 · Cited by 5
Valentino, M. S., Borgia, P., Deut, V., Lorenzi, I., Barabino, P., Ugolotti, E., Mariani, M., Bagnasco, F., & Castagnola, E. (2023) · Antibiotics · doi:10.3390/antibiotics12020216 · Cited by 5
Lin, G., Poleon, S., Hamilton, A., Salvekar, N., Jara, M., Haghpanah, F., Lanzas, C., Hazel, A., Blumberg, S., Lenhart, S., et al. (2024) · One Health · doi:10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100951 · Cited by 4
Self-citationKumurya, A. S. (2017) · Journal of Bacteriology & Mycology Open Access · doi:10.15406/jbmoa.2017.05.00162 · Cited by 4
Everton, G. O., Pereira, A. P. M., Rosa, P. V. S., Mafra, N. S. C., Júnior, P. S. S., Souza, F. S., Mendonça, C. D. J. S., Silva, F. C., Gomes, P. R. B., & Filho, V. E. M. (2021) · Ciência e Natura · doi:10.5902/2179460x43819 · Cited by 4
Spatial-Temporal Networks for Antibiogram Pattern Prediction
Fu, X., Chen, C., Dong, Y., Vullikanti, A. K. S., Klein, E. Y., Madden, G. R., & Li, J. (2023) · IEEE International Conference on Healthcare Informatics (ICHI) · doi:10.1109/ichi57859.2023.00039 · Cited by 4
Self-citationPurified citritin in combination with vancomycin inhibits VRE in vitro and in vivo
Oliveira, K. D. S., Queiroz, P. R., Fensterseifer, I. C. M., Migliolo, L., Oliveira, A., & Franco, O. L. (2017) · Microbiology · doi:10.1099/mic.0.000547 · Cited by 4
Teng, F., Wan, T., Guo, S., Liu, X., Cai, J.-F., Qi, X., & Liu, W.-X. (2019) · Medicina Clínica (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.medcle.2019.03.022 · Cited by 4
Sarangi, M. K., Selvaraj, M., & Karnwal, A. (2025) · Food Control · doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2025.111574 · Cited by 3
Chang, C.-N., Yu, C.-H., & Wang, C.-C. (2025) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms13051013 · Cited by 3
Broadbent, J. A., Sampson, D. L., Broszczak, D. A., Upton, Z., & Huygens, F. (2015) · International Journal of Medical Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijmm.2015.02.001 · Cited by 3
Oyama, M. O., Egbebi, A. O., & Akharaiyi, F. C. (2019) · Journal of Herbmed Pharmacology · doi:10.15171/jhp.2019.03 · Cited by 3
Rose, A. N., Clogher, P., Hatfield, K. M., Gokhale, R. H., See, I., & Petit, S. (2020) · Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology · doi:10.1017/ice.2020.72 · Cited by 3
SK-03-92 Treatment Causes Release of a Lethal Factor Protein That Kills Staphylococcus aureus Cells
Schwan, W. R., Moore, M., Zank, A., Cannarella, S., Gebhardt, K., & May, J. F. (2024) · Targets · doi:10.3390/targets2020005 · Cited by 2
Trouillet, J. L., & Chastre, J. E. (2013) · Journal des Anti-infectieux · doi:10.1016/j.antinf.2013.04.003 · Cited by 2
Idris, F. Z., & Habibu, U. A. (2021) · Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences · doi:10.4314/bajopas.v14i1.6 · Cited by 2
Antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus spp. in swine farming: a challenge for one health
Nobre, M. L. D. M., Santos, L. S., de Oliveiro, L. B. S., Oliveira, F. A. D. A., Soares, M. J. D. S., & Muratori, M. C. S. (2019) · Acta Veterinaria Brasilica · doi:10.21708/avb.2019.13.4.8547 · Cited by 2
The Potential Impact of age and Season on Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Prevalence
Klein, E. Y., & Laxminarayan, R. (2013) · Future Microbiology · doi:10.2217/fmb.13.65 · Cited by 2
Self-citationMultiple drug resistance Staphylococcus aureus isolated in foods of animal origin in Nairobi, Kenya
Mathenge, J., Mbaria, J. M., Okemo, P. O., Ng’ang’a, P. M., & Gicheru, M. M. (2017) · East African Medical Journal · Cited by 1
Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria and the Use of Novel Antibiotics in Children
Lai, E., & Bender, J. M. (2018) · Pediatric Annals · doi:10.3928/19382359-20180807-01 · Cited by 1
Du, W., Yang, C., Cheng, C., Shen, J., Shen, J., Zhang, S., Chen, S., Liu, L., Gao, J., Liu, S., et al. (2012) · Plasma Medicine · doi:10.1615/plasmamed.2014011602 · Cited by 1
Grace, O., Oti, V. B., Ekeleme, K., Anumnu, A., & Anzaku, S. (2018) · GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.30574/gscbps.2018.2.2.0062 · Cited by 1
The Role of Staphylococcal Protein A (SPA) in the Virulence of Staphylococcus aureus Infections.
Khateb, A. M. (2014) · Libraries and Cultural Resources (University of Calgary) · doi:10.11575/prism/28355 · Cited by 2
The Need for More Integrated Epidemic Modeling with Emphasis on Antibiotic Resistance
Klein, E. Y., Chelen, J. S. C., Makowsky, M. D., & Smaldino, P. E. (2015) · doi:10.1002/9781118853887.ch6
Self-citationPikula, S. (2016) · D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh)
Tennant, S. (2016) · UKnowledge (University of Kentucky) · doi:10.13023/etd.2016.298
Bocskay, I. R. (2016) · ScholarWorks (Walden University)
Memoir of John D. Corbit, Jr., 1910-73.
Klingensmith, P. O. (1975) · PubMed
Göçmen, J. S., Çağlayan, O., & Azap, A. (2016) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Investigations · doi:10.5799/jcei.328616
Klein, E. Y., Tseng, K. K., Morgan, D. J., & Laxminarayan, R. (2018) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciy119
Self-citationMi, S., Song, M., Dong, Y., Zhang, Z., Fan, L., Shi, L., Wang, X., Shi, K., & Yu, Y. (2020) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-91975/v1
Lee, W., Ho, M.-C., Chang, C., Lin, C., Leu, S., Lin, C., Lin, Y., Fang, Y., Huang, S., Yang, T., et al. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-680188/v1
Madhuri, M., Jangra, S., & Khandait, M. (2021) · Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology · doi:10.22207/jpam.15.4.39
Proline Transport and Growth Changes in Proline Transport Mutants of Staphylococcus aureus
Schwan, W. R. (2022) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms10101888
Zampatti, N., Bonato, I., Calandrino, A., Saffioti, C., Parodi, A., Brigati, G., Minghetti, D., & Ramenghi, L. A. (2024) · The Italian Journal of Pediatrics/Italian journal of pediatrics · doi:10.1186/s13052-024-01659-0
Nano-based intervention against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Singh, A. K., Kumar, A., Singh, I., Keshri, A., Verma, I. K., Ratn, A., Dhakad, M. S., & Sharma, D. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-33070-4.00003-4
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) : Prevention and fight against this pathogen
von Dach, E. (2017) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/670f56f3z833bz4428z94eez82aff6c73492 · Cited by 1
Ali, R., El-Domany, R. A., & Shaaban, M. I. (2026) · Antibiotics · doi:10.3390/antibiotics15070707
Metadata
- Authors
- Klein, E. Y., Sun, L., Smith, D. L., & Laxminarayan, R.
- Affiliations
- Princeton University (US)
- Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy (US)
- Corresponding author
- Laxminarayan, Ramanan
- Venue
- American Journal of Epidemiology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2013-02-28
- Volume
- 177
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 666-674
- ISSN
- 0002-9262 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-6256
- OpenAlex
- W2104267283
- Cited by
- 155
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 13
- FWCI
- 14.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Epidemiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
- Princeton University
- Johns Hopkins University
- Princeton Environmental Institute, Princeton University
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antibiotic Use and Resistance
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Infection Control in Healthcare
- Keywords
- methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, community-acquired MRSA, hospital-acquired MRSA, seasonal variation, age differences in infection, antibiotic resistance, antibiotic prescribing patterns
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Cross Infection, Hospitalization, Humans, Middle Aged, Phenotype, Seasons, Staphylococcal Infections, United States, Incidence, Age Distribution, Community-Acquired Infections, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
