Waves of resistance: Staphylococcus aureus in the antibiotic era

Chambers, Henry F.; DeLeo, Frank R.

doi:10.1038/nrmicro2200

Cited by 2,718Antimicrobial Resistance in StaphylococcusAntibiotic Use and ResistanceAntibiotic Resistance in Bacteria

Waves of resistance: Staphylococcus aureus in the antibiotic era

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Chambers, Henry F., DeLeo, Frank R.·2009·Nature Reviews Microbiology

DOI 10.1038/nrmicro2200PMC PMC2871281

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Abstract

Staphylococcus aureus is notorious for its ability to become resistant to antibiotics. Infections that are caused by antibiotic-resistant strains often occur in epidemic waves that are initiated by one or a few successful clones. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) features prominently in these epidemics. Historically associated with hospitals and other health care settings, MRSA has now emerged as a widespread cause of community infections. Community or community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) can spread rapidly among healthy individuals. Outbreaks of CA-MRSA infections have been reported worldwide, and CA-MRSA strains are now epidemic in the United States. Here, we review the molecular epidemiology of the epidemic waves of penicillin- and methicillin-resistant strains of S. aureus that have occurred since 1940, with a focus on the clinical and molecular epidemiology of CA-MRSA.

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Production of PBP2a is the hallmark of methicillin resistance in S. aureus.
“These events culminate with the production of PBP2a, which is the hallmark of methicillin resistance in S. aureus (70).”
From Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance (2016) · cites this paper as [70]
Community-associated MRSA strains appear to harbor shorter SCCmec cassettes such as type IV and carry fewer antibiotic resistance determinants, whereas hospital-associated isolates possess longer elements such as type II and are usually multidrug resistant.
“Indeed, community-associated MRSA strains appear to harbor shorter SCCmec cassettes (e.g SCCmec type IV) and carry less antibiotic resistance determinants, whereas hospital-associated (HA) isolates possess longer elements (e.g. SCCmec type II) and are usually multidrug resistant (70).”
From Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance (2016) · cites this paper as [70]

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Staphylococcus aureus infections: epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and management.
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Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms Prevent Macrophage Phagocytosis and Attenuate Inflammation In Vivo
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Vital Signs: Epidemiology and Recent Trends in Methicillin-Resistant and in Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Bloodstream Infections — United States
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The Microbiology of Bloodstream Infection: 20-Year Trends from the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program
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Vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections: A review of case updating and clinical features
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Antibiotic Resistance and the MRSA Problem
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Nuclease Expression by Staphylococcus aureus Facilitates Escape from Neutrophil Extracellular Traps
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Multifunctional mesoporous silica nanoparticles for biomedical applications
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Peptide Signaling in the Staphylococci
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A genomic portrait of the emergence, evolution, and global spread of a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus pandemicPreprint
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Rejuvenated Photodynamic Therapy for Bacterial Infections
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Novel Strategies for the Prevention and Treatment of Biofilm Related Infections
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Authors: Chambers, H. F., & DeLeo, F. R.
Affiliations: San Francisco General Hospital (US)
National Institutes of Health (US)
Corresponding author: Chambers, Henry F.
ORCID: Chambers, Henry F.
DeLeo, Frank R.
Venue: Nature Reviews Microbiology
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2009-09
Volume: 7
Issue: 9
Pages: 629-641
ISSN: 1740-1526 (ISSN-L)
1740-1534
DOI: 10.1038/nrmicro2200
PMC: PMC2871281
OpenAlex: W2151150074
Cited by: 2,718
References: 198
Citations by year: 2026: 132 · 2025: 170 · 2024: 172 · 2023: 192 · 2022: 220 · 2021: 200 · 2020: 194 · 2019: 175 · 2018: 185 · 2017: 159 · 2016: 176 · 2015: 130 · 2014: 138 · 2013: 162 · 2012: 132
FWCI: 12.07
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Nature Reviews Microbiology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI070289, T32AI007641)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology › Antibiotic Use and Resistance
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Medicine › Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
Keywords: Staphylococcus aureus, antibiotic resistance, community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, penicillin resistance, methicillin resistance, epidemic waves, molecular epidemiology, MRSA outbreak, clonal spread, nosocomial infections
MeSH terms: Anti-Bacterial Agents, Cross Infection, Disease Outbreaks, Humans, Penicillin Resistance, Staphylococcal Infections, Staphylococcus aureus, Methicillin Resistance, Community-Acquired Infections, Molecular Epidemiology

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Waves of resistance: Staphylococcus aureus in the antibiotic era

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