The DOI matches its Crossref record; 82 of the 82 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Causal Considerations on Alcohol and HIV/AIDS -- A Systematic Review
Abstract
AIM: The study aimed to explore the possible causal nature of the association between alcohol consumption and HIV/AIDS. METHODS: A review based on meta-analyses and reviews was conducted according to standard epidemiological criteria to distinguish causality from association, examining (i) the potential impact of alcohol on the incidence of HIV and (ii) alcohol's impact on worsening the disease course. RESULTS: In terms of incidence of HIV, although we found a consistent and strong association with consumption, there was not enough evidence for a causal connection. In particular, it is not clear whether personality traits such as sensation seeking or sexual compulsivity and psychiatric disorders such as antisocial personality disorder impact both alcohol consumption and risky sex, subsequently creating an association between both behaviors. In terms of worsening the disease course of HIV/AIDS, we found enough evidence for a causal impact of alcohol. Alcohol affects the immune system, thus contributing to a worsened course of HIV/AIDS. In addition, alcohol negatively impacts on behaviors that include support seeking and medication adherence. CONCLUSIONS: A randomized controlled clinical trial targeted toward at-risk HIV-negative individuals who live in areas with high HIV prevalence is suggested to test the effects of proven effective alcohol interventions on HIV incidence.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The environment and disease: association or causation?
Hill, A. B. (2015) · Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine · doi:10.1177/0141076814562718 · Cited by 7,285
The Environment and Disease: Association or Causation?
Hill, A. B. (1965) · Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine · doi:10.1177/003591576505800503 · Cited by 6,974
Rehm, J., Mathers, C., Popova, S., Thavorncharoensap, M., Teerawattananon, Y., & Patra, J. (2009) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(09)60746-7 · Cited by 3,870
Self-citationEzzati, M., López, A. D., Rodgers, A., & Murray, C. J. L. (2004) · Cited by 3,319
Adherence to Protease Inhibitor Therapy and Outcomes in Patients with HIV Infection
Paterson, D. L., Swindells, S., Mohr, J., Brester, M., Vergis, E. N., Squier, C., Wagener, M. M., & Singh, N. (2000) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-133-1-200007040-00004 · Cited by 3,289
Alcohol myopia: Its prized and dangerous effects.
Steele, C. M., & Josephs, R. A. (1990) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.45.8.921 · Cited by 2,070
ALCOHOL HEALTH AND RESEARCH WORLD
Vejnoska, J. (1983) · Alcohol health and research world · Cited by 1,970
Alcohol: No Ordinary Commodity. Research and public policy
Babor, T. F., Caetano, R., Casswell, S., Edwards, G., Giesbrecht, N., Graham, K., Grube, J. W., Hill, L., Holder, H. D., Homel, R. J., et al. (2003) · Cited by 1,718
Self-citationA System of Logic, Ratiocinative and Inductive
Mill, J. S. (2023) · Scientific and Medical Knowledge Production, 1796-1918 · doi:10.4324/9781003009450-5 · Cited by 1,430
Rehm, J., Room, R., Graham, K., Monteiro, M., Gmel, G., & Sempos, C. T. (2003) · Addiction · doi:10.1046/j.1360-0443.2003.00467.x · Cited by 995
Self-citation
Cited by
The relationship between different dimensions of alcohol use and the burden of disease—an update
Rehm, J., Gmel, G. E., Gmel, G., Hasan, O. S. M., Imtiaz, S., Popova, S., Probst, C., Roerecke, M., Room, R., Samokhvalov, A. V., et al. (2017) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.13757 · Cited by 1,204
Self-citationThe relation between different dimensions of alcohol consumption and burden of disease: an overview
Rehm, J., Baliunas, D., Borges, G. L. G., Graham, K., Irving, H., Kehoe, T., Parry, C. D., Patra, J., Popova, S., Poznyak, V., et al. (2010) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2010.02899.x · Cited by 1,174
“While alcohol use is associated consistently with the prevalence and incidence of HIV [42–44], however, further research is needed to substantiate causality [45].”
Self-citationThe risks associated with alcohol use and alcoholism.
(2011) · PubMed Central · Cited by 556
Rehm, J., Shield, K. D., Joharchi, N., & Shuper, P. A. (2012) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03621.x · Cited by 344
Self-citationWilliams, E. C., Hahn, J. A., Saitz, R., Bryant, K., Lira, M. C., & Samet, J. H. (2016) · Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/acer.13204 · Cited by 294
Metadata
- Authors
- Shuper, P. A., Neuman, M., Kanteres, F., Baliunas, D., Joharchi, N., & Rehm, J.
- Venue
- Alcohol and Alcoholism
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2010-01-08
- Volume
- 45
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 159-166
- ISSN
- 0735-0414 (ISSN-L)
- 1464-3502
- OpenAlex
- W2000887305
- Cited by
- 306
- References
- 82
- FWCI
- 2.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Causal Considerations on Alcohol and HIV/AIDS -- A Systematic Review. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1093/alcalc/agp091
- The paper
- Shuper, P. A., Neuman, M., Kanteres, F., Baliunas, D., Joharchi, N., & Rehm, J. (2010). Causal Considerations on Alcohol and HIV/AIDS -- A Systematic Review. Alcohol and Alcoholism. https://doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/agp091
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
