The relationship of average volume of alcohol consumption and patterns of drinking to burden of disease: an overview
Abstract
Aims As part of a larger study to estimate the global burden of disease attributable to alcohol: to quantify the relationships between average volume of alcohol consumption, patterns of drinking and disease and injury outcomes, and to combine exposure and risk estimates to determine regional and global alcohol‐attributable fractions (AAFs) for major disease and injury categories. Design, methods, setting Systematic literature reviews were used to select diseases related to alcohol consumption. Meta‐analyses of the relationship between alcohol consumption and disease and multi‐level analyses of aggregate data to fill alcohol–disease relationships not currently covered by individual‐level data were used to determine the risk relationships between alcohol and disease. AAFs were estimated as a function of prevalence of exposure and relative risk, or from combining the aggregate multi‐level analyses with prevalence data. Findings Average volume of alcohol consumption was found to increase risk for the following major chronic diseases: mouth and oropharyngeal cancer; oesophageal cancer; liver cancer; breast cancer; unipolar major depression; epilepsy; alcohol use disorders; hypertensive disease; hemorrhagic stroke; and cirrhosis of the liver. Coronary heart disease (CHD), unintentional and intentional injuries were found to depend on patterns of drinking in addition to average volume of alcohol consumption. Most effects of alcohol on disease were detrimental, but for certain patterns of drinking, a beneficial influence on CHD, stroke and diabetes mellitus was observed. Conclusions Alcohol is related to many major disease outcomes, mainly in a detrimental fashion. While average volume of consumption was related to all disease and injury categories under consideration, pattern of drinking was found to be an additional influencing factor for CHD and injury. The influence of patterns of drinking may be underestimated because pattern measures have not been included in many epidemiologic studies. Generalizability of the results is limited by methodological problems of the underlying studies used in the present analyses. Future studies need to address these methodological issues in order to obtain more accurate risk estimates.
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Knowledge on and estimates of risk relations between alcohol use and health outcomes have been evolving during the past 15 years.
“Knowledge on and estimates of these risk relations have been evolving during the past 15 years (compare the overview from 2003 23, and especially since 2010 when the last overview on this topic in Addiction appeared 24, which the current review will update with the latest evidence.”
From The relationship between different dimensions of alcohol use and the burden of disease—an update (2017) · cites this paper as [23]
Alcohol use has long been identified as a major contributor to injuries of all kinds, with established causal links.
“Alcohol use has long been identified as a major contributor to injuries of all kinds, with established causal links (for details see previous reviews 23, 24).”
From The relationship between different dimensions of alcohol use and the burden of disease—an update (2017) · cites this paper as [23]
The impact of alcohol on aggression and violence to others has been well established.
“The impact of alcohol on aggression and violence to others has been well established 23, 338, 339.”
From The relationship between different dimensions of alcohol use and the burden of disease—an update (2017) · cites this paper as [23]
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Alcohol Use and Injury Severity in Trauma Patients
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Trinkmuster, Pro-Kopf-Konsum von Alkohol und koronare Mortalität
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Self-citationAlcohol-related pancreatic damage: mechanisms and treatment.
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Alcohol, Drugs, Fighting and Suicide Attempt/Ideation
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Trinkmuster, Pro-Kopf-Konsum von Alkohol und koronare Mortalität
Gmel, G. E., Rehm, J. T., & Frick, U. (2003) · Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) · doi:10.5167/uzh-94717 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citationModerate Alcohol Consumption and Cardiovascular Disease: Is There Evidence for a Preventive Effect?
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Beyond Ischemic Heart Disease: Are There other Health Benefits from Drinking Alcohol?
Ashley, M. J., Rehm, J. T., Bondy, S. J., Single, E. W., & Rankin, J. G. (2000) · Contemporary Drug Problems · doi:10.1177/009145090002700403 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citationAlcohol Consumption and the Risk of Cancer
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Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Rehm, J., Mathers, C., Popova, S., Thavorncharoensap, M., Teerawattananon, Y., & Patra, J. (2009) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(09)60746-7 · Cited by 3,870 · see citing works
Self-citationGriswold, M. G., Fullman, N., Hawley, C., Arian, N., Zimsen, S. R. M., Tymeson, H. D., Venkateswaran, V., Tapp, A. D., Forouzanfar, M. H., Salama, J. S., et al. (2018) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(18)31310-2 · Cited by 3,524 · see citing works
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Room, R., Babor, T., & Rehm, J. (2005) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)17870-2 · Cited by 1,625 · see citing works
Self-citationThe relationship between different dimensions of alcohol use and the burden of disease—an update
Rehm, J., Gmel, G. E., Gmel, G., Hasan, O. S. M., Imtiaz, S., Popova, S., Probst, C., Roerecke, M., Room, R., Samokhvalov, A. V., et al. (2017) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.13757 · Cited by 1,204 · see citing works
Self-citationThe relation between different dimensions of alcohol consumption and burden of disease: an overview
Rehm, J., Baliunas, D., Borges, G. L. G., Graham, K., Irving, H., Kehoe, T., Parry, C. D., Patra, J., Popova, S., Poznyak, V., et al. (2010) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2010.02899.x · Cited by 1,174 · see citing works
Self-citationThe role of sleep hygiene in promoting public health: a review of empirical evidence
Irish, L. A., Kline, C. E., Gunn, H. E., Buysse, D. J., & Hall, M. H. (2015) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2014.10.001 · Cited by 931 · see citing works
Alcohol as a risk factor for liver cirrhosis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
REHM, J., TAYLOR, B., MOHAPATRA, S., IRVING, H., BALIUNAS, D., PATRA, J., & ROERECKE, M. (2010) · Drug and Alcohol Review · doi:10.1111/j.1465-3362.2009.00153.x · Cited by 668 · see citing works
Self-citationTaylor, B., Irving, H. M., Kanteres, F., Room, R., Borges, G., Cherpitel, C., Greenfield, T., & Rehm, J. (2010) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.02.011 · Cited by 509 · see citing works
Self-citationGmel, G., & Rehm, J. (2004) · Contemporary Drug Problems · doi:10.1177/009145090403100304 · Cited by 466 · see citing works
Self-citationChronic diseases and conditions related to alcohol use
Shield, K. (2013) · Alcohol Research: Current Reviews · doi:10.35946/arcr.v35.2.06 · Cited by 488 · see citing works
“These heavy-drinking occasions may lead to an increased risk of hypertension for men compared with women at similar alcohol consumption levels (Rehm et al. 2003b).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialRehm, J., Samokhvalov, A. V., Neuman, M. G., Room, R., Parry, C., Lönnroth, K., Patra, J., Poznyak, V., & Popova, S. (2009) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-9-450 · Cited by 458 · see citing works
Self-citationComparing alcohol consumption in central and eastern Europe to other European countries
Popova, S., Rehm, J., Patra, J., & Zatonski, W. (2007) · Alcohol and Alcoholism · doi:10.1093/alcalc/agl124 · Cited by 373 · see citing works
Self-citationLess drinking, yet more problems: understanding African American drinking and related problems
Zapolski, T. C. B., Pedersen, S. L., McCarthy, D. M., & Smith, G. T. (2014) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0032113 · Cited by 366 · see citing works
Substance use disorder among older adults in the United States in 2020
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Modeling stress and drug craving in the laboratory: implications for addiction treatment development
Sinha, R. (2009) · Addiction Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1369-1600.2008.00134.x · Cited by 314 · see citing works
Roerecke, M., & Rehm, J. (2010) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwp451 · Cited by 307 · see citing works
Self-citationAlcohol accounts for a high proportion of premature mortality in central and eastern Europe
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Self-citationRehm, J., Irving, H., Ye, Y., Kerr, W. C., Bond, J., & Greenfield, T. K. (2008) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwn093 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Self-citationRehm, J., Kehoe, T., Gmel, G., Stinson, F., Grant, B., & Gmel, G. (2010) · Population Health Metrics · doi:10.1186/1478-7954-8-3 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Self-citationJustice, A. C., McGinnis, K. A., Tate, J. P., Braithwaite, R. S., Bryant, K. J., Cook, R. L., Edelman, E. J., Fiellin, L. E., Freiberg, M. S., Gordon, A. J., et al. (2016) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.01.017 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
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Self-citationUnrecorded consumption, quality of alcohol and health consequences
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Exposure-dependent effects of ethanol on the innate immune system
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Lifespan dispersion in times of life expectancy fluctuation: the case of central and Eastern Europe
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Targeting glutamate uptake to treat alcohol use disorders
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Adherence to the 2008 Adult Physical Activity Guidelines and Mortality Risk
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Use of biomarkers for alcohol use disorders in clinical practice
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Mental health and alcohol use: a cross-sectional study of the Finnish general population
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The impact of alcohol on Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review
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Alcohol drinking cessation and its effect on esophageal and head and neck cancers: A pooled analysis
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- Authors
- Rehm, J., Room, R., Graham, K., Monteiro, M., Gmel, G., & Sempos, C. T.
- Affiliations
- Stockholm University (SE)
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CA)
- World Health Organization (CH)
- Addiction Switzerland (CH)
- University at Buffalo, State University of New York (US)
- Corresponding author
- Rehm, Jürgen
- Venue
- Addiction
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2003-08-27
- Volume
- 98
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1209-1228
- ISSN
- 0965-2140 (ISSN-L)
- 1360-0443
- OpenAlex
- W2089313156
- Cited by
- 995
- References
- 130
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 37 · 2019: 37 · 2018: 47 · 2017: 55 · 2016: 35 · 2015: 75 · 2014: 56 · 2013: 58 · 2012: 67
- FWCI
- 4.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Addiction (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (acceptedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health
- Bundesamt für Gesundheit
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Global Public Health Policies and Epidemiology
- Keywords
- alcohol consumption, drinking patterns, alcohol-attributable fraction, global burden of disease, alcohol-related disorders, alcohol-related injuries, coronary artery disease, stroke, liver cirrhosis, cancer, depression, alcoholism, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, oropharyngeal cancer, esophageal cancer, breast cancer
- MeSH terms
- Acute Disease, Alcohol Drinking, Chronic Disease, Female, Humans, Male, Risk Factors, Risk Assessment, Alcohol-Related Disorders, Alcohol-Induced Disorders
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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