Low-Frequency Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (LF-TMS) in Treating Depression in Patients With Impaired Cognitive Functioning
Abstract
Objective Common methodologies for treating depressive symptoms have demonstrated decreased efficacy among individuals with impaired cognitive functioning. While transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been approved to treat major depressive disorder, few studies have analyzed the ability of TMS to treat depressive symptoms among individuals with cognitive impairments. The present study had two objectives: to determine whether low-frequency TMS (LF-TMS) might demonstrate efficacy in treating depressive symptoms among individuals with impaired cognitive functioning; and to determine whether LF-TMS might improve neurocognitive functioning above and beyond depressive symptom improvements. Methods Data were derived from a pre-existing database at Eastern Virginia Medical School. Fifty-three (N=53) participants completed LF-TMS treatment. The Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II) and CNS Vital Signs (CNS-VS) neurocognitive assessment were administered at multiple time points throughout treatment. Participants were classified as impaired cognitive functioning or average cognitive functioning based on baseline CNS-VS scores. Data were analyzed using restricted maximum likelihood (REML) measures-within-persons longitudinal hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) with time-varying covariates. Results LF-TMS produced significant reductions in depressive symptoms for individuals in both cognitive functioning groups; however, a significant group-by-time interaction indicates differential…
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Cognitive improvements following rTMS have been observed in younger adults with depression across various domains including learning and memory, attention, executive function, and psychomotor processing speed.
“Cognitive improvements following rTMS have been observed in younger adults with depression across various domains including learning and memory,16–18 attention, 19 executive function19–24 and psychomotor processing speed.”
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Göke, K., McClintock, S. M., Mah, L., Rajji, T. K., Lee, H. H., Nestor, S. M., Downar, J., Noda, Y., Daskalakis, Z. J., Mulsant, B. H., et al. (2026) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/07067437251315515 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
- Authors
- Schaffer, D. R., Okhravi, H. R., & Neumann, S. A.
- Affiliations
- Eastern Virginia Medical School (US)
- Corresponding author
- Neumann, Serina A
- Venue
- Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2020-11-02
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 801-814
- ISSN
- 0887-6177 (ISSN-L)
- 1873-5843
- OpenAlex
- W3095285940
- Cited by
- 16
- References
- 6
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 4
- FWCI
- 0.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model (vor)
- Locations
- Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Electroconvulsive Therapy Studies
- Keywords
- depression, neurocognitive function, major depressive disorder, treatment response, neurocognitive side effects, CNS Vital Signs
- MeSH terms
- Cognition, Depression, Major Depressive Disorder, Depressive Disorder, Major, Humans, Neuropsychological Tests, Reproducibility of Results, Treatment Outcome, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
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