Cited by 8Protein Structure and DynamicsMachine Learning in BioinformaticsEnzyme Structure and Function

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FlowPacker: protein side-chain packing with torsional flow matching

Open access
Lee, Jin Sub, Kim, Philip M·2025·Bioinformatics

Published version of a preprint

Abstract

Motivation: Accurate prediction of protein side-chain conformations is necessary to understand protein folding, protein–protein interactions and facilitate de novo protein design. Results: Here, we apply torsional flow matching and equivariant graph attention to develop FlowPacker, a fast and performant model to predict protein side-chain conformations conditioned on the protein sequence and backbone. We show that FlowPacker outperforms previous state-of-the-art baselines across most metrics with improved runtime. We further show that FlowPacker can be used to inpaint missing side-chain coordinates and also for multimeric targets, and exhibits strong performance on a test set of antibody–antigen complexes. Availability and implementation: Code is available at https://gitlab.com/mjslee0921/flowpacker.

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Research works printed but not linked: 10

  1. Dunbar, 2014, SAbDab: the structural antibody database, Nucleic Acids Res, 42, D1140, 10.1093/nar/gkt1043 · DOI · Paper page
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  4. Fuchs, 2020, Se (3)-transformers: 3D rototranslation equivariant attention networks, Adv Neural Inf Process Syst, 33, 1970
  5. Lee, 2022, Equifold: protein structure prediction with a novel coarse-grained structure representation, 10.1101/2022.10.07.511322 · DOI
  6. Lee, 2023, Scorebased generative modeling for de novo protein design, Nat Comput Sci, 3, 382, 10.1038/s43588-023-00440-3 · DOI · Paper page
  7. McPartlon, 2023, An end-to-end deep learning method for protein side-chain packing and inverse folding, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 120, e2216438120, 10.1073/pnas.2216438120 · DOI
  8. Misiura, 2022, DLPacker: deep learning for prediction of amino acid side chain conformations in proteins, Proteins Struct Funct Bioinf, 90, 1278, 10.1002/prot.26311 · DOI · Paper page
  9. Randolph, 2024, Invariant point message passing for protein side chain packing, Proteins Struct Funct Bioinf, 92, 1220, 10.1002/prot.26705 · DOI
  10. Steinegger, 2017, MMseqs2 enables sensitive protein sequence searching for the analysis of massive data sets, Nat Biotechnol, 35, 1026, 10.1038/nbt.3988 · DOI · Paper page

Metadata

Authors
Lee, J. S., & Kim, P. M.
Affiliations
University of Toronto (CA)
Corresponding author
Kim, Philip M
Venue
Bioinformatics
Published
2025-01-09
Volume
41
Issue
3
ISSN
  • 1367-4803 (ISSN-L)
  • 1367-4811
OpenAlex
W4406213027
Cited by
8
References
9
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 3
FWCI
2.40
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Bioinformatics (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
Canadian Institutes of Health Research (PJT-166008)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Structure and Dynamics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Machine Learning in Bioinformatics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Structural Biology › Enzyme Structure and Function
Keywords
protein folding, de novo protein design, multimeric proteins, immune complexes
MeSH terms
Algorithms, Antigen-Antibody Complex, Models, Molecular, Protein Conformation, Proteins, Software, Protein Folding, Computational Biology

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