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Cited by 494

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 30 of the 30 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Interpolated variable order motifs for identification of horizontally acquired DNA: revisiting the Salmonella pathogenicity islands

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Vernikos, Georgios S., Parkhill, Julian·2006·Bioinformatics

Abstract

Motivation: There is a growing literature on the detection of Horizontal Gene Transfer (HGT) events by means of parametric, non-comparative methods. Such approaches rely only on sequence information and utilize different low and high order indices to capture compositional deviation from the genome backbone; the superiority of the latter over the former has been shown elsewhere. However even high order k-mers may be poor estimators of HGT, when insufficient information is available, e.g. in short sliding windows. Most of the current HGT prediction methods require pre-existing annotation, which may restrict their application on newly sequenced genomes. Results: We introduce a novel computational method, Interpolated Variable Order Motifs (IVOMs), which exploits compositional biases using variable order motif distributions and captures more reliably the local composition of a sequence compared with fixed-order methods. For optimal localization of the boundaries of each predicted region, a second order, two-state hidden Markov model (HMM) is implemented in a change-point detection framework. We applied the IVOM approach to the genome of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi CT18, a well-studied prokaryote in terms of HGT events, and we show that the IVOMs outperform state-of-the-art low and high order motif methods predicting not only the already characterized Salmonella Pathogenicity Islands (SPI-1 to SPI-10) but also three novel SPIs (SPI-15, SPI-16, SPI-17) and other HGT events. Availability: The software is available under a GPL license as a standalone application at Contact: gsv@sanger.ac.uk Supplementary Information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

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Metadata

Authors
Vernikos, G. S., & Parkhill, J.
Venue
Bioinformatics
Published
2006-07-12
Volume
22
Issue
18
Pages
2196-2203
ISSN
  • 1367-4803 (ISSN-L)
  • 1367-4811
OpenAlex
W2108228587
Cited by
494
References
30
FWCI
5.89
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
hybrid

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Interpolated variable order motifs for identification of horizontally acquired DNA: revisiting the Salmonella pathogenicity islands. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1093/bioinformatics/btl369
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Vernikos, G. S., & Parkhill, J. (2006). Interpolated variable order motifs for identification of horizontally acquired DNA: revisiting the Salmonella pathogenicity islands. Bioinformatics. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btl369

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