Insights from the complete genome sequence of Mycobacterium marinum on the evolution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
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Mycobacterium marinum, a ubiquitous pathogen of fish and amphibia, is a near relative of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the etiologic agent of tuberculosis in humans. The genome of the M strain of M. marinum comprises a 6,636,827-bp circular chromosome with 5424 CDS, 10 prophages, and a 23-kb mercury-resistance plasmid. Prominent features are the very large number of genes (57) encoding polyketide synthases (PKSs) and nonribosomal peptide synthases (NRPSs) and the most extensive repertoire yet reported of the mycobacteria-restricted PE and PPE proteins, and related-ESX secretion systems. Some of the NRPS genes comprise a novel family and seem to have been acquired horizontally. M. marinum is used widely as a model organism to study M. tuberculosis pathogenesis, and genome comparisons confirmed the close genetic relationship between these two species, as they share 3000 orthologs with an average amino acid identity of 85%. Comparisons with the more distantly related Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis and Mycobacterium smegmatis reveal how an ancestral generalist mycobacterium evolved into M. tuberculosis and M. marinum. M. tuberculosis has undergone genome downsizing and extensive lateral gene transfer to become a specialized pathogen of humans and other primates without retaining an environmental niche. M. marinum has maintained a large genome so as to retain the capacity for environmental survival while becoming a broad host range pathogen that produces disease strikingly similar to M. tuberculosis. The work described herein provides a foundation for using M. marinum to better understand the determinants of pathogenesis of tuberculosis.
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The genome of M. marinum contains a large gene cluster upstream of the ESX-1 locus, among which are 15 espA-like genes.
“The genome of M. marinum contains a large gene cluster upstream of the ESX-1 locus, among which are 15 espA-like genes [48].”
From Systematic Genetic Nomenclature for Type VII Secretion Systems (2009) · cites this paper as [48]
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Comparative pathogenesis of Mycobacterium marinum and Mycobacterium tuberculosis
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Self-citationSystematic Genetic Nomenclature for Type VII Secretion Systems
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Self-citationMyths and misconceptions: the origin and evolution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
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Self-citationRelease of mycobacterial antigens
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- Authors
- Stinear, T. P., Seemann, T., Harrison, P. F., Jenkin, G. A., Davies, J. K., Johnson, P. D. R., Abdellah, Z., Arrowsmith, C., Chillingworth, T., Churcher, C., Clarke, K., Cronin, A., Davis, P., Goodhead, I., Holroyd, N., Jagels, K., Lord, A., Moule, S., Mungall, K., Norbertczak, H., Quail, M. A., Rabbinowitsch, E., Walker, D., White, B., Whitehead, S., Small, P. L. C., Brosch, R., Ramakrishnan, L., Fischbach, M. A., Parkhill, J., & Cole, S. T.
- Affiliations
- Monash University (AU)
- The University of Melbourne (AU)
- Wellcome Sanger Institute (GB)
- University of Tennessee at Knoxville (US)
- Institut Pasteur (FR)
- University of Washington (US)
- Broad Institute (US)
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (CH)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Genome Research
- Publisher
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
- Published
- 2008-04-10
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 729-741
- ISSN
- 1088-9051 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2336800
- OpenAlex
- W2129267752
- Cited by
- 570
- References
- 108
- Citations by year
- 2026: 20 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 39 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 37 · 2015: 31 · 2014: 49 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 50
- Type
- posted content
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- other-oa
- Locations
- Genome Research (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne) (submittedVersion)
- Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale
- Fondation Raoul Follereau
- National Institutes of Health
- Medical Research Council
- National Health and Medical Research Council
- National Medical Research Council
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI036396)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Mycobacterium research and diagnosis
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
- Keywords
- Mycobacterium marinum, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, genome evolution, polyketide synthase, nonribosomal peptide synthetase, ESX secretion system, prophages, horizontal gene transfer, genome reduction, tuberculosis pathogenesis, comparative genomics, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, Mycobacterium smegmatis
- MeSH terms
- Bacterial Proteins, Carrier Proteins, Cell Wall, Molecular Sequence Data, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Phylogeny, Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial, Genome, Bacterial, Evolution, Molecular, Mycobacterium marinum, Genomics
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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