Cited by 1,399Survey Sampling and Estimation TechniquesStatistical Methods and InferenceAdvanced Statistical Methods and Models

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Nonparametric estimates of standard error: The jackknife, the bootstrap and other methods

EFRON, BRADLEY·1981·Biometrika

DOI 10.1093/biomet/68.3.589

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Abstract

We discuss several nonparametric methods for attaching a standard error to a point estimate: the jackknife, the bootstrap, half-sampling, subsampling, balanced repeated replications, the infinitesimal jackknife, influence function techniques and the delta method. The last three methods are shown to be identical. All the methods derive from the same basic idea, which is also the idea underlying the common parametric methods. Extended numerical comparisons are made for the special case of the correlation coefficient.

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Bootstrap methods: another look at the jackknife
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Authors: EFRON, B.
Affiliations: Stanford University (US)
Corresponding author: EFRON, BRADLEY
Venue: Biometrika
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 1981
Volume: 68
Issue: 3
Pages: 589-599
ISSN: 0006-3444 (ISSN-L)
1464-3510
DOI: 10.1093/biomet/68.3.589
OpenAlex: W2006820723
Cited by: 1,399
References: 16
Citations by year: 2026: 23 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 46 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 59 · 2021: 65 · 2020: 66 · 2019: 57 · 2018: 94 · 2017: 54 · 2016: 69 · 2015: 79 · 2014: 60 · 2013: 55 · 2012: 73
FWCI: 7.53
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Biometrika (publishedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Survey Sampling and Estimation Techniques
Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods and Inference
Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Advanced Statistical Methods and Models
Keywords: standard error estimation, nonparametric statistics, jackknife, bootstrapping, subsampling, balanced repeated replication, influence function, delta method, correlation coefficient, variance estimation

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Nonparametric estimates of standard error: The jackknife, the bootstrap and other methods

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