Cited by 351Advanced MRI Techniques and ApplicationsMultiple Sclerosis Research StudiesNeurological diseases and metabolism

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 65 of the 65 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Tracking iron in multiple sclerosis: a combined imaging and histopathological study at 7 Tesla

Open access

Bagnato, F., Hametner, S., Yao, B., van Gelderen, P., Merkle, H., Cantor, F. K., Lassmann, H., Duyn, J. H.·2011·Brain

DOI 10.1093/brain/awr278PMC PMC3235560

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Previous authors have shown that the transverse relaxivity R(2)* and frequency shifts that characterize gradient echo signal decay in magnetic resonance imaging are closely associated with the distribution of iron and myelin in the brain's white matter. In multiple sclerosis, iron accumulation in brain tissue may reflect a multiplicity of pathological processes. Hence, iron may have the unique potential to serve as an in vivo magnetic resonance imaging tracer of disease pathology. To investigate the ability of iron in tracking multiple sclerosis-induced pathology by magnetic resonance imaging, we performed qualitative histopathological analysis of white matter lesions and normal-appearing white matter regions with variable appearance on gradient echo magnetic resonance imaging at 7 Tesla. The samples used for this study derive from two patients with multiple sclerosis and one non-multiple sclerosis donor. Magnetic resonance images were acquired using a whole body 7 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging scanner equipped with a 24-channel receive-only array designed for tissue imaging. A 3D multi-gradient echo sequence was obtained and quantitative R(2)* and phase maps were reconstructed. Immunohistochemical stainings for myelin and oligodendrocytes, microglia and macrophages, ferritin and ferritin light polypeptide were performed on 3- to 5-µm thick paraffin sections. Iron was detected with Perl's staining and 3,3'-diaminobenzidine-tetrahydrochloride enhanced Turnbull blue staining. In multiple sclerosis tissue, iron presence invariably matched with an increase in R(2)*. Conversely, R(2)* increase was not always associated with the presence of iron on histochemical staining. We interpret this finding as the effect of embedding, sectioning and staining procedures. These processes likely affected the histopathological analysis results but not the magnetic resonance imaging that was obtained before tissue manipulations. Several cellular sources of iron were identified. These sources included oligodendrocytes in normal-appearing white matter and activated macrophages/microglia at the edges of white matter lesions. Additionally, in white matter lesions, iron precipitation in aggregates typical of microbleeds was shown by the Perl's staining. Our combined imaging and pathological study shows that multi-gradient echo magnetic resonance imaging is a sensitive technique for the identification of iron in the brain tissue of patients with multiple sclerosis. However, magnetic resonance imaging-identified iron does not necessarily reflect pathology and may also be seen in apparently normal tissue. Iron identification by multi-gradient echo magnetic resonance imaging in diseased tissues can shed light on the pathological processes when coupled with topographical information and patient disease history.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1093/brain/awr278

Cites

65 of 65 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

American Journal of Neuroradiology
(2020) · American Journal of Neuroradiology · doi:10.3174/ajnr · Cited by 2,468
Iron accumulation in Alzheimer disease is a source of redox-generated free radicals
Smith, M. A., Harris, P. L. R., Sayre, L. M., & Perry, G. L. (1997) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.94.18.9866 · Cited by 1,365
The Immunopathology of Multiple Sclerosis: An Overview
Lassmann, H., Brück, W., & Lucchinetti, C. F. (2007) · Brain Pathology · doi:10.1111/j.1750-3639.2007.00064.x · Cited by 1,182
High-field MRI of brain cortical substructure based on signal phase
Duyn, J. H., van Gelderen, P., Li, T., de Zwart, J. A., Koretsky, A. P., & Fukunaga, M. (2007) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0610821104 · Cited by 641
Oligodendrocytes and myelination: The role of iron
Todorich, B., Pasquini, J. M., Garcia, C. I., Paez, P. M., & Connor, J. R. (2008) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.20784 · Cited by 615
Magnetic susceptibility mapping of brain tissue in vivo using MRI phase data
Shmueli, K., de Zwart, J. A., van Gelderen, P., Li, T., Dodd, S. J., & Duyn, J. H. (2009) · Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · doi:10.1002/mrm.22135 · Cited by 529
Immunopathology of secondary‐progressive multiple sclerosis
Prineas, J. W., Kwon, E. E., Cho, E., Sharer, L. R., Barnett, M. H., Oleszak, E. L., Hoffman, B. E., & Morgan, B. P. (2001) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.1255 · Cited by 453
Diagnostic Criteria for Neuropathologic Assessment of Alzheimer’s Disease
Braak, H., & Braak, E. (1997) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/s0197-4580(97)00062-6 · Cited by 410
Layer-specific variation of iron content in cerebral cortex as a source of MRI contrast
Fukunaga, M., Li, T.-Q., van Gelderen, P., de Zwart, J. A., Shmueli, K., Yao, B., Lee, J., Maric, D., Aronova, M. A., Zhang, G., et al. (2010) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0911177107 · Cited by 408
MR Imaging of Human Brain at 3.0 T: Preliminary Report on Transverse Relaxation Rates and Relation to Estimated Iron Content
Gelman, N., Gorell, J. M., Barker, P. B., Savage, R. M., Spickler, E. M., Windham, J. P., & Knight, R. A. (1999) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiology.210.3.r99fe41759 · Cited by 373

Show all 65 references

Research works printed but not linked: 7

Craelius, 1982, Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine, 106, 397
Curnes, 1988, American Journal of Neuroradiology, 9, 1061
1964, Acta neurologica Scandinavica. Supplementum, 40, 9
2011, Neuroscience letters, 400, 36
2005, COOLEYS ANEMIA EIGHT SYMP, 1054, 379
1984, Archives of pathology, 108, 755
2010, PROC INTL SOC MAG RESON MED, 18, 5124

Sorted by citations

Items 201–300 of 350

Iron deposition in multiple sclerosis: overall load or distribution alteration?
Hamdy, E., Galeel, A. A., Ramadan, I., Gaber, D. E., Mustafa, H., & Mekky, J. F. (2022) · European Radiology Experimental · doi:10.1186/s41747-022-00279-9 · Cited by 19
Neurodegeneration and its potential markers in the diagnosing of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. A review
Pogoda-Wesołowska, A., Dziedzic, A., Maciak, K., Stępień, A., Dziaduch, M., & Saluk, J. (2023) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2023.1210091 · Cited by 21
1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin-D3 induces brain proteomic changes in cuprizone mice during remyelination involving calcium proteins
Oveland, E., Nystad, A. E., Berven, F. S., Myhr, K., Torkildsen, Ø., & Wergeland, S. (2017) · Neurochemistry International · doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2017.08.008 · Cited by 18
New Imaging Markers in Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders
Hemond, C. C., Gaitán, M. I., Absinta, M., & Reich, D. S. (2024) · Neuroimaging Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.nic.2024.03.004 · Cited by 18
Geochemistry of multiple sclerosis in Finland
Åström, M., & Roos, P. M. (2022) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156672 · Cited by 18
Quantitative MRI in Multiple Sclerosis: From Theory to Application
Tranfa, M., Pontillo, G., Petracca, M., Brunetti, A., Tedeschi, E., Palma, G., & Cocozza, S. (2022) · American Journal of Neuroradiology · doi:10.3174/ajnr.a7536 · Cited by 15
Spatial distribution of multiple sclerosis iron rim lesions and their impact on disability
Wittayer, M., Weber, C. E., Platten, M., Schirmer, L., Gass, A., & Eisele, P. (2022) · Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.msard.2022.103967 · Cited by 17
Iron scavenging and myeloid cell polarization
Ludwig, N., Cucinelli, S., Hametner, S., Muckenthaler, M. U., & Schirmer, L. (2024) · Trends in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.it.2024.06.006 · Cited by 16
The Distributional Characteristics of Multiple Sclerosis Lesions on Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping and Their Correlation With Clinical Severity
Guo, Z., Long, L., Qiu, W., Lü, T., Zhang, L., Shu, Y., Zhang, K., Fang, L., & Chen, S. (2021) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2021.647519 · Cited by 17
Paramagnetic rim lesions and the central vein sign: Characterizing multiple sclerosis imaging markers
Clarke, M. A., Cheek, R., Kazimuddin, H. F., Hernandez, B., Clarke, R., McKnight, C. D., Derwenskus, J., Eaton, J. E., Irlmeier, R. T., Ye, F., et al. (2023) · Journal of Neuroimaging · doi:10.1111/jon.13173 · Cited by 18
The relation between BTK expression and iron accumulation of myeloid cells in multiple sclerosis
Steinmaurer, A., Riedl, C. J., König, T., Testa, G., Köck, U., Bauer, J., Lassmann, H., Höftberger, R., Berger, T., Wimmer, I., et al. (2024) · Brain Pathology · doi:10.1111/bpa.13240 · Cited by 15
Monitoring Progressive Multiple Sclerosis with Novel Imaging Techniques
Petracca, M., Margoni, M., Bommarito, G., & Inglese, M. (2018) · Neurology and Therapy · doi:10.1007/s40120-018-0103-2 · Cited by 17
Deeply 3D-T1-TFE hypointense voxels are characteristic of phase-rim lesions in multiple sclerosis
Naval‐Baudin, P., Pons‐Escoda, A., Camins, À., Arroyo-Pereiro, P., Viveros, M., Castell, J., Cos, M., Martínez-Yélamos, A., Martínez‐Yélamos, S., & Majós, C. (2023) · European Radiology · doi:10.1007/s00330-023-09784-w · Cited by 14
Differences in iron and manganese concentration may confound the measurement of myelin from R1 and R2 relaxation rates in studies of dysmyelination
Desmond, K. L., Al‐Ebraheem, A., Janik, R., Oakden, W., Kwiecień, J. M., Dąbrowski, W., Rola, R., Geraki, K., Farquharson, M., Stanisz, G. J., et al. (2016) · NMR in Biomedicine · doi:10.1002/nbm.3549 · Cited by 15
Radiomics derived from T2-FLAIR: the value of 2- and 3-classification tasks for different lesions in multiple sclerosis
Shi, Z., Ma, Y., Ding, S., Yan, Z., Zhu, Q., Xiong, H., Li, C., Xu, Y., Tan, Z., Yin, F., et al. (2024) · Quantitative Imaging in Medicine and Surgery · doi:10.21037/qims-23-1287 · Cited by 15
Correlation of geographic distributions of haptoglobin alleles with prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) – a narrative literature review
Bamm, V. V., Geist, A. M., & Harauz, G. (2017) · Metabolic brain disease · doi:10.1007/s11011-016-9923-x · Cited by 16
Three-dimensional MRI sequences in MS diagnosis and research
Hu, L., Rajendran, L., Lapointe, E., Tam, R. C., Li, D., Traboulsee, A. L., & Rauscher, A. (2019) · Multiple Sclerosis Journal · doi:10.1177/1352458519848100 · Cited by 15
Brain Susceptibility Changes in a Patient with Natalizumab-Related Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy: A Longitudinal Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping and Relaxometry Study
Pontillo, G., Cocozza, S., Lanzillo, R., Borrelli, P., Rosa, A. D., Morra, V. B., Tedeschi, E., & Palma, G. (2017) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2017.00294 · Cited by 14
Pomalidomide-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in multiple myeloma: cortical susceptibility-weighted imaging hypointense findings prior to clinical deterioration
Ueno, H., Kikumto, M., Takebayashi, Y., Ishibashi, H., Takahashi, T., Yasutomi, H., Umemoto, K., Nakamichi, K., Saijo, M., Ichinohe, T., et al. (2020) · Journal of NeuroVirology · doi:10.1007/s13365-020-00845-0 · Cited by 14
Bruton’s tyrosine kinase as a promising therapeutic target for multiple sclerosis
Saberi, D., Geladaris, A., Dybowski, S., & Weber, M. S. (2023) · Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets · doi:10.1080/14728222.2023.2218615 · Cited by 12
Recent progress in epidemiology, clinical features, and therapy of multiple sclerosis in China
Wang, M., Liu, C., Zou, M., Niu, Z., Zhu, J., & Jin, T. (2023) · Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders · doi:10.1177/17562864231193816 · Cited by 13
Quantitative susceptibility mapping is more sensitive and specific than phase imaging in detecting chronic active multiple sclerosis lesion rims: pathological validation
Gillen, K. M., Nguyen, T. D., Dimov, A., Kovanlıkaya, İ., Luu, H. M., Demmon, E., Markowitz, D. M., Bagnato, F. R., Pitt, D., Gauthier, S. A., et al. (2024) · Brain Communications · doi:10.1093/braincomms/fcaf011 · Cited by 14
Juxtacortical susceptibility changes in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy at the gray–white matter junction correlates with iron-enriched macrophages
Mahajan, K. R., Amin, M., Poturalski, M. J., Lee, J. K., Herman, D. E., Zheng, Y., Androjna, C., Howell, M., Fox, R. J., Trapp, B. D., et al. (2021) · Multiple Sclerosis Journal · doi:10.1177/1352458521999651 · Cited by 12
Paradoxical paramagnetic calcifications in the globus pallidus: An ex vivo MR investigation and histological validation study
Jang, J., Nam, Y., Jung, S. W., Riew, T., Kim, S. H., & Kim, I. (2021) · NMR in Biomedicine · doi:10.1002/nbm.4571 · Cited by 12
An automated pipeline for extracting histological stain area fraction for voxelwise quantitative MRI-histology comparisons
Kor, D., Jbabdi, S., Huszár, I. N., Mollink, J., Tendler, B. C., Foxley, S., Wang, C., Scott, C., Smart, A., Ansorge, O., et al. (2022) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119726 · Cited by 14
In Vivo Brain MR Imaging at Subnanoliter Resolution: Contrast and Histology
Watanabe, T., Frahm, J., & Michaelis, T. (2015) · Magnetic Resonance in Medical Sciences · doi:10.2463/mrms.2015-0048 · Cited by 12
Detecting Deoxyhemoglobin in Spinal Cord Vasculature of the Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis Using Susceptibility MRI and Hyperoxygenation
Nathoo, N., Rogers, J. A., Yong, V. W., & Dunn, J. F. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0127033 · Cited by 12
Investigation of cerebral microbleeds in multiple sclerosis as a potential marker of blood-brain barrier dysfunction
Eisele, P., Alonso, A., Griebe, M., Szabo, K., Hennerici, M. G., & Gass, A. (2016) · Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.msard.2016.03.010 · Cited by 13
Investigation of the “central vein sign” in infratentorial multiple sclerosis lesions
Weber, C. E., Sandikci, V., Ebert, A., Szabo, K., Platten, M., Gass, A., & Eisele, P. (2020) · Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.msard.2020.102409 · Cited by 14
Recent Advances in Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Disease-Monitoring Biomarkers in Multiple Sclerosis
Chertcoff, A. S., Schneider, R., Azevedo, C. J., Sicotte, N. L., & Oh, J. (2023) · Neurologic Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2023.06.008 · Cited by 12
Longitudinal Multiparametric Quantitative MRI Evaluation of Acute and Chronic Multiple Sclerosis Paramagnetic Rim Lesions
Elkady, A. M., Elliott, C., Fetco, D., Araújo, D., Karimaghaloo, Z., Ganzetti, M., Clayton, D., Craveiro, L., Kazlauskaite, A., Narayanan, S., et al. (2024) · Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging · doi:10.1002/jmri.29583 · Cited by 12
Mechanisms of Neurodegeneration in Multiple Sclerosis
Eliseeva, D. D., & Zakharova, M. N. (2022) · S S Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry · doi:10.17116/jnevro20221220725 · Cited by 11
Quantitative susceptibility mapping of the normal-appearing white matter as a potential new marker of disability progression in multiple sclerosis
Pietroboni, A. M., Colombi, A., Contarino, V. E., Russo, F. M. L., Conte, G., Morabito, A., Siggillino, S., Carandini, T., Fenoglio, C., Arighi, A., et al. (2022) · European Radiology · doi:10.1007/s00330-022-09338-6 · Cited by 11
Group specific vein-atlasing: An application for analyzing the venous system under normal and multiple sclerosis conditions
Grabner, G., Dal‐Bianco, A., Hametner, S., Lassmann, H., & Trattnig, S. (2013) · Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging · doi:10.1002/jmri.24393 · Cited by 11
Emerging drugs for primary progressive multiple sclerosis
Narayan, R., Forsthuber, T. G., & Stüve, O. (2018) · Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs · doi:10.1080/14728214.2018.1463370 · Cited by 11
Ultra-high field 7 T imaging in multiple sclerosis
Louapre, C., Treaba, C. A., Barletta, V. T., & Mainero, C. (2020) · Current Opinion in Neurology · doi:10.1097/wco.0000000000000839 · Cited by 11
Frequency and Diagnostic Implications of Paramagnetic Rim Lesions in People Presenting for Diagnosis to a Multiple Sclerosis Clinic
Renner, B., Verter, E., Absinta, M., Daboul, L., Raza, P. C., Martin, M. L., Cao, Q., O’Donnell, C. M., Rodrigues, P., Ramos, M., et al. (2025) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000213912 · Cited by 12
Comparing RNA ‐sequencing datasets from astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia in multiple sclerosis identifies novel dysregulated genes relevant to inflammation and myelination
Drake, S., Zaman, A., Simas, T., & Fournier, A. E. (2023) · WIREs Mechanisms of Disease · doi:10.1002/wsbm.1594 · Cited by 12
Are highly active and aggressive multiple sclerosis the same entity?
Correale, J. D., Rush, C., & Barboza, A. G. (2023) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2023.1132170 · Cited by 10
Novel Approaches of Oxidative Stress Mechanisms in the Multiple Sclerosis Pathophysiology and Therapy
Adamczyk, B., Niedziela, N., & Adamczyk-Sowa, M. H. (2017) · Codon Publications eBooks · doi:10.15586/codon.multiplesclerosis.2017.ch10 · Cited by 10
Myelinated axons are the primary target of hemin-mediated oxidative damage in a model of the central nervous system
Baldacchino, K., Peveler, W. J., Lemgruber, L., Smith, R. S., Scharler, C., Hayden, L., Komarek, L., Lindsay, S. L., Barnett, S. C., Edgar, J. M., et al. (2022) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114113 · Cited by 11
Susceptibility-weighted image features in AQP4-negative-NMOSD versus MS
Gao, C., Su, L., Li, H., Song, T., Liu, Y., Duan, Y., & Shi, F. (2023) · Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.msard.2023.105406 · Cited by 10
The T1-dark-rim: A novel imaging sign for detecting smoldering inflammation in multiple sclerosis
Naval‐Baudin, P., Pons‐Escoda, A., Pinar, A., Martínez‐Zalacaín, I., Arroyo-Pereiro, P., Flores-Casaperalta, S., Garay-Buitron, F., Calvo, N., Martínez-Yélamos, A., Cos, M., et al. (2024) · European Journal of Radiology · doi:10.1016/j.ejrad.2024.111358 · Cited by 8
Real-world experience of teriflunomide in relapsing multiple sclerosis: paramagnetic rim lesions may play a role
Tan, H., Li, X., Li, Y., He, F., ZhangBao, J., Zhou, L., Yang, L., Zhao, C., Lü, C., Dong, Q., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1343531 · Cited by 10
Spring cleaning: time to rethink imaging research lines in MS?
Absinta, M., Reich, D. S., & Filippi, M. (2016) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-016-8060-0 · Cited by 10
Peripheral Hemolysis in Relation to Iron Rim Presence and Brain Volume in Multiple Sclerosis
Krajnc, N., Bsteh, G., Kasprian, G. J., Zrzavy, T., Kornek, B., Berger, T., Leutmezer, F., Rommer, P. S., Lassmann, H., Hametner, S., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2022.928582 · Cited by 9
Chronic T2 Lesions in Multiple Sclerosis are Heterogeneous Regarding Phase MR Imaging
Siemonsen, S., Young, K. L., Bester, M., Sedlacik, J., Heesen, C., Fiehler, J., & Stellmann, J. (2015) · Clinical Neuroradiology · doi:10.1007/s00062-015-0389-8 · Cited by 9
Venous Diameter Changes in Chronic Active Multiple Sclerosis Lesions
Weber, C. E., Kraemer, M., Dabringhaus, A., Ebert, A., Platten, M., Gass, A., & Eisele, P. (2020) · Journal of Neuroimaging · doi:10.1111/jon.12818 · Cited by 9
Cell specificity of Manganese-enhanced MRI signal in the cerebellum
Rallapalli, H., Bayin, N. S., Goldman, H. G., Maric, D., Nieman, B. J., Koretsky, A. P., Joyner, A. L., & Turnbull, D. H. (2023) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120198 · Cited by 8
Magnetic susceptibility and R2* of myocardial reperfusion injury at 3T and 7T
Moon, B. F., Iyer, S. K., Josselyn, N. J., Hwuang, E., Swago, S., Keeney, S. J., Castillero, E., Ferrari, G. M., Pilla, J. J., Gorman, J. H., et al. (2021) · Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · doi:10.1002/mrm.28955 · Cited by 8
Susceptibility‐Weighted 3T MRI of the Swallow Tail Sign in Multiple Sclerosis: A Case Control Study
Weber, C. E., Ebert, A., Platten, M., Gass, A., & Eisele, P. (2020) · Journal of Neuroimaging · doi:10.1111/jon.12775 · Cited by 8
A Distinct Hibiscus sabdariffa Extract Prevents Iron Neurotoxicity, a Driver of Multiple Sclerosis Pathology
Mishra, M. K., Wang, J., Mirzaei, R., Chan, R., Melo, H., Zhang, P., Ling, C., Bruccoleri, A. G., Tang, L., & Yong, V. W. (2022) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells11030440 · Cited by 9
The mechanistic target of rapamycin as a regulator of metabolic function in oligodendroglia during remyelination
Mather, M. L., Jeffries, M. A., & Wood, T. L. (2022) · Current Opinion in Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.coph.2022.102193 · Cited by 8
Perivascular iron deposits are associated with protein nitration in cerebral experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Sands, S. A., Williams, R., Marshall, S., & LeVine, S. M. (2014) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2014.05.004 · Cited by 8
A pilot, longitudinal, 24-week study to evaluate the effect of interferon beta-1a subcutaneous on changes in susceptibility-weighted imaging-filtered phase assessment of lesions and subcortical deep-gray matter in relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis
Zivadinov, R., Dwyer, M. G., Markovic‐Plese, S., Hayward, B., Bergsland, N., Heininen‐Brown, M., Carl, E. M., Kennedy, C. L., Dangond, F., & Weinstock‐Guttman, B. (2015) · Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders · doi:10.1177/1756285615572953 · Cited by 8
Blood Perfusion and Cellular Microstructural Changes Associated With Iron Deposition in Multiple Sclerosis Lesions
Sheng, H., Zhao, B., & Ge, Y. (2019) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2019.00747 · Cited by 8
The Dual Role of Microglia in Multiple Sclerosis and its Implications for Diagnostics and Repair
Goulart, M. T., Queiroz, D. T. U., & Ribeiro, F. M. (2025) · Current Neuropharmacology · doi:10.2174/011570159x352356241126044933 · Cited by 8
Paramagnetic Rim Lesions in Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Their Association With Brain Tissue Atrophy
Nistri, R., Meo, E. D., Kim, N. N., Pozzilli, V., Goebl, P., Sá, M., Ramdas, S., Parida, A., Wright, S. K., Wassmer, E., et al. (2025) · Neurology Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1212/nxi.0000000000200506 · Cited by 7
Nuclear prelamin a recognition factor and iron dysregulation in multiple sclerosis
Ding, D., Valdivia, A. O., & Bhattacharya, S. K. (2019) · Metabolic Brain Disease · doi:10.1007/s11011-019-00515-z · Cited by 7
Central vein sign and paramagnetic rim sign: From radiologically isolated syndrome to multiple sclerosis
Abou‐Mrad, T., Naja, K., Khoury, S. J., & Hannoun, S. (2023) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/ene.15922 · Cited by 8
Postmortem imaging and neuropathologic correlations
Augustinack, J. C., & van der Kouwe, A. J. W. (2016) · Handbook of clinical neurology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-53486-6.00069-7 · Cited by 7
Pathologic Correlation of Paramagnetic White Matter Lesions in Adult-Onset Leukoencephalopathy With Axonal Spheroids and Pigmented Glia
Kim, M.-K., Lee, H., Cho, H. J., Chun, S. Y., Shin, J., Kim, E., Ahn, J. W., Huh, G. Y., Baek, S., & Lee, J. (2017) · Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1093/jnen/nlx086 · Cited by 7
Slowly expanding lesions are associated with disease activity and gray matter loss in relapse‐onset multiple sclerosis
Yokote, H., Miyazaki, Y., Fujimori, J., Nishida, Y., Toru, S., Niino, M., Nakashima, I., Miura, Y., & Yokota, T. (2024) · Journal of Neuroimaging · doi:10.1111/jon.13243 · Cited by 6
Demyelinated lesion associated compartmental inflammation in progressive multiple sclerosis brains
Najm, L., Chomyk, A. M., Cyncynatus, K., Davalos, D., Mahajan, K. R., & Trapp, B. D. (2025) · Acta Neuropathologica Communications · doi:10.1186/s40478-025-02122-9 · Cited by 6
White and gray matter contrast enhancement in MR images of the mouse brain in vivo using IR UTE with a cryo-coil at 9.4 T
Piędzia, W., Jasiński, K., Kalita, K., Tomanek, B., & Węglarz, W. P. (2014) · Journal of Neuroscience Methods · doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2014.04.019 · Cited by 6
Longitudinal myelin content measures of slowly expanding lesions using 7T MRI in multiple sclerosis
Huerta, M., Conway, D. S., Planchon, S. M., Thoomukuntla, B., Oh, S., Sakaie, K., Ontaneda, D., & Nakamura, K. (2024) · Journal of Neuroimaging · doi:10.1111/jon.13209 · Cited by 6
CSF Markers of Oxidative Stress Are Associated with Brain Atrophy and Iron Accumulation in a 2-Year Longitudinal Cohort of Early MS
Burgetová, A., Dušek, P., Uher, T., Vaněčková, M., Vejražka, M., Burgetová, R., Horáková, D., Srpová, B., Kalousová, M., Nosková, L., et al. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms241210048 · Cited by 6
Pooled analysis of multiple sclerosis findings on multisite 7 Tesla MRI : Protocol and initial observations
Harrison, D. M., Choi, S., Bakshi, R., Beck, E., Callen, A. M., Chu, R., Silva, J. D. S., Fetco, D., Greenwald, M. A., Kolind, S., et al. (2024) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.26816 · Cited by 6
Overlaps between multiple system atrophy and multiple sclerosis: A novel perspective
Jellinger, K. A., & Wenning, G. K. (2016) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.26870 · Cited by 6
Insights from Ultrahigh Field Imaging in Multiple Sclerosis
Schindler, M. K., Sati, P., & Reich, D. S. (2017) · Neuroimaging Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.nic.2016.12.006 · Cited by 6
Are antioxidant parameters in serum altered in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis treated with II-line immunomodulatory therapy?
Adamczyk, B., Koziarska, D., Kasperczyk, S., & Adamczyk-Sowa, M. H. (2018) · Free Radical Research · doi:10.1080/10715762.2018.1535176 · Cited by 6
A Radiodensity Histogram Study of the Brain in Multiple Sclerosis
Cauley, K. A., & Fielden, S. W. (2018) · Tomography · doi:10.18383/j.tom.2018.00050 · Cited by 6
SWI as an Alternative to Contrast-Enhanced Imaging to Detect Acute MS Lesions
Caruana, G., Auger, C., Pessini, L. M., Calderon, W., de Barros, A., Salerno, A., Sastre‐Garriga, J., Montalbán, X., & Rovira, À. (2022) · American Journal of Neuroradiology · doi:10.3174/ajnr.a7474 · Cited by 6
Immunosenescence in multiple sclerosis: New insights and clinical implications
Laroni, A., Vigo, T., Inglese, M., & Uccelli, A. (2025) · Multiple Sclerosis Journal · doi:10.1177/13524585251367611 · Cited by 6
The 2024 Update to the McDonald Criteria for Multiple Sclerosis Diagnosis: A Guide for Radiologists
Rai, P., Bathla, G., Chan, V. E. Y., Bagnato, F. R., Vattoth, S., Deng, F. M., & Lakhani, D. A. (2025) · American Journal of Roentgenology · doi:10.2214/ajr.25.33997 · Cited by 8
Paramagnetic rim lesions in early multiple sclerosis: a 7 Tesla imaging study
Kazimuddin, H. F., Wang, J., Toubasi, A. A., Hernandez, B., Sun, L., Vinarsky, T., Gheen, C., Rohm, Z., Koch, C. E., Eaton, J. E., et al. (2025) · Brain Communications · doi:10.1093/braincomms/fcaf215 · Cited by 7
Paramagnetic rim lesions as a biomarker to discriminate between multiple sclerosis and cerebral small vessel disease
Zhu, Z., Zhang, Y., Li, C., Guo, W., Chen, Z., Chen, W., Li, S., Wang, N., Chen, X., & Fu, Y. J. (2024) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2024.1429698 · Cited by 6
Chelating Therapy in Metal Storage Diseases
Dušek, P., & Aaseth, J. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803072-1.00006-7 · Cited by 5
Pathology of Multiple Sclerosis
Dunham, J., & Mahajan, K. R. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-61883-4_8 · Cited by 6
Chronic active lesions preferentially localize in watershed territories in multiple sclerosis
Toubasi, A. A., Eisma, J. J., Wang, J., Kazimuddin, H. F., Hernandez, B., Vinarsky, T., Gheen, C., Rohm, Z., Koch, C. E., Clarke, M. A., et al. (2024) · Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology · doi:10.1002/acn3.52202 · Cited by 4
Brain Characteristics in Patients With Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody‐Associated Disorder by 7.0 Tesla MRI
Su, L., Kuchling, J., Gao, C., Niendorf, T., Finke, C., Zhang, Z., Guo, A., Jing, J., Tian, D., Li, Y., et al. (2025) · Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology · doi:10.1002/acn3.70080 · Cited by 4
A proposal: How to study pro-myelinating proteins in MS
Brod, S. A. (2021) · Autoimmunity Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102924 · Cited by 4
Soma and neurite density abnormalities of paramagnetic rim lesions and core-sign lesions in multiple sclerosis
Preziosa, P., Pagani, E., Meani, A., Margoni, M., Rubin, M., Esposito, F., Palombo, M., Filippi, M., & Rocca, M. A. (2025) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-025-12887-7 · Cited by 5
Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Analysis in Multiple Sclerosis
Jakimovski, D., Ramasamy, D. P., & Zivadinov, R. (2019) · Current clinical neurology · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-24436-1_6 · Cited by 5
Associations between changes in ferritin levels and susceptibility-weighted imaging filtered phase in patients with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis over 24 weeks of therapy with subcutaneous interferon beta-1a three times weekly
Dwyer, M. G., Zivadinov, R., Markovic‐Plese, S., Bergsland, N., Heininen‐Brown, M., Carl, E. M., Kennedy, C. L., Weinstock‐Guttman, B., Hayward, B., & Dangond, F. (2015) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2015.03.002 · Cited by 4
Longitudinal ultra-high field MRI of brain lesions in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders
Chawla, S., Ge, Y., Wuerfel, J. T., Asadollahi, S., Mohan, S., Paul, F., Sinnecker, T., & Kister, I. (2020) · Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.msard.2020.102066 · Cited by 4
Iron and Glia
Connor, J. R. (2012) · Neuroglia · doi:10.1093/med/9780199794591.003.0046 · Cited by 4
Integrated elemental analysis supports targeting copper perturbations as a therapeutic strategy in multiple sclerosis
Hilton, J. B. W., Kysenius, K., Liddell, J. R., Mercer, S. W., Rautengarten, C., Hare, D. J., Buncic, G., Paul, B. T., Murray, S. S., McLean, C., et al. (2024) · Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.neurot.2024.e00432 · Cited by 4
Imaging Outcomes for Phase 2 Trials Targeting Compartmentalized Inflammation
Gaitán, M. I., Márquez, R., Ayerbe, J., & Reich, D. S. (2024) · Multiple Sclerosis Journal · doi:10.1177/13524585241301303 · Cited by 3
Medicinal Plants That Modulate Nitric Oxide Synthase Activity: Implications in Inflammation and Oxidative Stress
Prayoga, D. K., Aulifa, D. L., Budiman, A., Jiranusornkul, S., & Levita, J. (2026) · Drug Design Development and Therapy · doi:10.2147/dddt.s582323 · Cited by 3
Ultra-high-field (7.0 Tesla and above) MRI is now necessary to make the next step forward in understanding MS pathophysiology – YES
Bagnato, F. R., & Gore, J. C. (2016) · Multiple Sclerosis Journal · doi:10.1177/1352458516667569 · Cited by 3
Cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 densities measured using positron emission tomography are not altered in the brains of individuals with stable multiple sclerosis
Tang, S., Harrison, D. M., Bardhoshi, A., Cureton, R., Yan, X., Parcon, P. A., Morse, C. L., Ecker, C., Choi, S., Pike, V. W., et al. (2025) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1177/0271678x251332490 · Cited by 2
T2 contrast variation in human brain at 7 T and its potential contributors
Wang, Y., van Gelderen, P., Donadieu, M., Liu, J., de Zwart, J. A., Zhou, J., Nair, G., Reich, D. S., & Duyn, J. H. (2025) · Imaging Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/imag.a.67 · Cited by 2
Topographical Variation of Iron‐Rimmed Lesions in the Multiple Sclerosis Brain and Spinal Cord: A Neuropathological Study
Pisa, M., Lockhart, A., Angell, T., Avery, A., Dhari, Z., Bailey, M. A., Hametner, S., Drakesmith, H., Hofer, M., Limbӓck-Stanic, C., et al. (2026) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.78113 · Cited by 3
Iron-Rim Lesions in the Optic Chiasm in Multiple Sclerosis
Lockhart, A., Pisa, M., Drakesmith, H., & DeLuca, G. C. (2026) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000214515 · Cited by 2
Artificial Intelligence in Multiple Sclerosis: Possibilities in Radiological Diagnostics and Progression Assessment
Müller, D., Bellenberg, B., & Lukas, C. (2026) · RöFo - Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der Röntgenstrahlen und der bildgebenden Verfahren · doi:10.1055/a-2808-0083 · Cited by 2
Erythrocyte Fragility in Progressive Multiple Sclerosis
Jacob, C., Williams, T. E., Stuart, C. M., Witkover, A., Hametner, S., Lassmann, H., Bangham, C. R. M., Chataway, J., & Galea, I. (2026) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/ene.70595 · Cited by 2
The hypoxia-inflammation cycle as a key mechanism of smoldering inflammation and progression in multiple sclerosis
Missaglia, M., Filippi, M., Esposito, F., & Giordano, A. (2026) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-026-03021-6 · Cited by 2
Mesenchymal stromal cells and neuroinflammation: a multimodal approach to neuroprotection and future therapeutic horizons
Bufi, A. A., Papait, A., Ponsaerts, P., Silini, A. R., & Parolini, O. (2026) · Translational Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s40035-026-00554-4 · Cited by 3
Frontiers in Neuroimaging
Lv, X. (2022) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.105340 · Cited by 2

Authors: Bagnato, F., Hametner, S., Yao, B., van Gelderen, P., Merkle, H., Cantor, F. K., Lassmann, H., & Duyn, J. H.
Affiliations: National Institutes of Health (US)
Medical University of Vienna (AT)
ORCID: Bagnato, F.
Hametner, S.
Yao, B.
Lassmann, H.
Venue: Brain
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 2011-12-01
Volume: 134
Issue: 12
Pages: 3602-3615
ISSN: 0006-8950 (ISSN-L)
1460-2156
DOI: 10.1093/brain/awr278
PMC: PMC3235560
OpenAlex: W2154189431
Cited by: 351
References: 65
Citations by year: 2026: 14 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 35 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 28 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 13
FWCI: 14.67
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: Brain (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurological diseases and metabolism
Keywords: multiple sclerosis, iron accumulation, r2 relaxivity, gradient echo MRI, 7T MRI, white matter lesions, normal-appearing white matter, ferritin, oligodendrocytes, microglia, macrophages, microbleeds, myelin
MeSH terms: Brain, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Iron, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Multiple Sclerosis, Myelin Sheath, Nerve Fibers, Myelinated

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Tracking iron in multiple sclerosis: a combined imaging and histopathological study at 7 Tesla

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks