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Caffeic and ferulic acid as blockers of nitrosamine formation
Abstract
Caffeic acid and ferulic acid, which are naturally occurring phenols present in a wide variety of plants, were examined for their ability to react with nitrite in vitro and to inhibit nitrosamine formation in vivo. Their activities were compared with other phenols (butylated hydroxyanisole and Trolox) and with a non-phenolic polyhydroxylated compound, glycerol guaiacolate. In simulated gastric fluid, caffeic acid and ferulic acid reacted rapidly and completely with an equimolar quantity of sodium nitrite. In rats receiving aminopyrine and nitrite, caffeic acid and ferulic acid blocked the elevation of serum N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) levels and the serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase levels associated with hepatotoxicity. Neither phenol had any effect on serum levels of NDMA in rats treated with NDMA. In both the in vitro (reaction with nitrite) and in vivo (inhibition of hepatotoxicity) systems, caffeic acid was more effective than ferulic acid. Butylated hydroxyanisole and Trolox were partially effective, and glycerol guaiacolate was inactive. The results of this study suggest that dietary caffeic acid and ferulic acid may play a role in the body's defense against carcinogenesis by inhibiting the formation of N-nitroso compounds.
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“This may lower their protective effects against carcinogenesis and even mammalian tumors (Kuenzig et al., 1984;Baskaran et al., 2010).”
From RETRACTED: Long term toxicity of a Roundup herbicide and a Roundup-tolerant genetically modified maize (2012) · cites this paper as Kuenzig et al., 1984
In the citing paper
“This may lower their protective effects against carcinogenesis and mammalian tumor formation [69,70].”
From Republished study: long-term toxicity of a Roundup herbicide and a Roundup-tolerantgenetically modified maize (2014) · cites this paper as [69]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Kuenzig, W., Chau, J., Norkus, E., Holowaschenko, H., Newmark, H., Mergens, W., & Conney, A. H.
- Venue
- Carcinogenesis
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1984
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 309-313
- ISSN
- 0143-3334 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2180
- OpenAlex
- W2044415061
- Cited by
- 120
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 3.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Carcinogenesis (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry (medical) › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Carcinogens and Genotoxicity Assessment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry (medical) › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Keywords
- caffeic acid, ferulic acid, nitrosamine formation, nitrosation inhibition, nitrite, N-nitrosodimethylamine, hepatotoxicity, alanine aminotransferase, aminopyrine, butylated hydroxyanisole, Trolox, carcinogenesis prevention, simulated gastric fluid
- MeSH terms
- Alanine Transaminase, Aminopyrine, Animals, Caffeic Acids, Cholagogues and Choleretics, Cinnamates, Coumaric Acids, Gastric Juice, Kinetics, Male, Mutagenicity Tests, Mutation, Nitrites, Nitrosamines, Phenols, Rats, Inbred Strains, Salmonella typhimurium, Sodium Nitrite, Rats
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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