The DOI matches its Crossref record; 99 of the 99 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Motor Areas of the Medial Wall: A Review of Their Location and Functional Activation
Abstract
Our goal in this review is to provide an anatomical framework for the analysis of the motor functions of the medial wall of the hemisphere in humans and laboratory primates. Converging evidence indicates that this region of the frontal lobe contains multiple areas involved in motor control. In the monkey, the medial wall contains four premotor areas that project directly to both the primary motor cortex and the spinal cord. These are the supplementary motor area (SMA) on the superior frontal gyrus and three motor areas buried within the cingulate sulcus. In addition, there is evidence that a fifth motor field, the pre-SMA, lies rostral to the SMA proper. Recent physiological observations provide evidence for functional differences among these motor fields. In the human, no consensus exists on the number of distinct motor fields on the medial wall. In this review, we summarize the results of positron emission tomography (PET) studies that examined functional activation on the medial wall of humans. Our analysis suggests that it is possible to identify at least four separate cortical areas on the medial wall. Each area appears to be relatively more involved in some aspects of motor behavior than others. These cortical areas in the human appear to be analogous to the pre-SMA, the SMA proper, and two of the cingulate motor areas of the monkey. We believe that these correspondences and the anatomical framework we describe will be important for unraveling the motor functions of the medial wall of the hemisphere.
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“the anterior commissure serves as a useful anatomical landmark for delineating pre-SMA and SMA proper (41).”
From Right hemispheric dominance of inhibitory control: An event-related functional MRI study (1999) · cites this paper as [41]
Citations
Cites
Co-Planar Stereotaxic Atlas of the Human Brain
Talairach, J., & Tournoux, P. (1988) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 11,798
Positron emission tomographic studies of the cortical anatomy of single-word processing
Petersen, S. E., Fox, P. T., Posner, M. I., Mintun, M., & Raichle, M. E. (1988) · Nature · doi:10.1038/331585a0 · Cited by 2,593
The neural correlates of the verbal component of working memory
Paulesu, E., Frith, C. D., & Frackowiak, R. S. J. (1993) · Nature · doi:10.1038/362342a0 · Cited by 2,230 · cited 1×
“The involvement of the pre-SMA in higher order aspects of speech is further suggested by its activation during such tasks as silent rehearsal of a sequence of letters (Paulesu et al., 1993) and phonological discrimination of letter sounds (Sergent et al.”
BackgroundA PET study of visuospatial attention
Corbetta, M., Miezin, F. M., Shulman, G., & Petersen, S. (1993) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.13-03-01202.1993 · Cited by 1,604
Practice-related Changes in Human Brain Functional Anatomy during Nonmotor Learning
Raichle, M. E., Fiez, J. A., Videen, T. O., MacLeod, A.-M. K., Pardo, J. V., Fox, P. T., & Petersen, S. E. (1994) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/4.1.8 · Cited by 1,593
Corbetta, M., Miezin, F. M., Dobmeyer, S., Shulman, G. L., & Petersen, S. (1991) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.11-08-02383.1991 · Cited by 1,590
Supplementary motor area and other cortical areas in organization of voluntary movements in man
Roland, P. E., Larsen, B., Lassen, N. A., & Skinhöj, E. (1980) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1980.43.1.118 · Cited by 1,517
Lateralization of Phonetic and Pitch Discrimination in Speech Processing
Zatorre, R. J., Evans, A. C., Meyer, E., & GJEDDE, A. H. (1992) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1589767 · Cited by 1,499
Pardo, J. V., Pardo, P. J., Janer, K. W., & Raichle, M. E. (1990) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.87.1.256 · Cited by 1,495
The origin of corticospinal projections from the premotor areas in the frontal lobe
Dum, R., & Strick, P. (1991) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.11-03-00667.1991 · Cited by 1,447
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The organization of the human cerebellum estimated by intrinsic functional connectivity
Buckner, R. L., Krienen, F. M., Castellanos, A., Diaz, J. C., & Yeo, B. T. T. (2011) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00339.2011 · Cited by 7,304
Cognitive and emotional influences in anterior cingulate cortex
Bush, G., Luu, P., & Posner, M. I. (2000) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/s1364-6613(00)01483-2 · Cited by 6,259
Holroyd, C. B., & Coles, M. G. H. (2002) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.109.4.679 · Cited by 4,027
Empathy for Pain Involves the Affective but not Sensory Components of Pain
Singer, T., Seymour, B., O'Doherty, J., Kaube, H., Dolan, R. J., & Frith, C. D. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1093535 · Cited by 3,929
Meeting of minds: the medial frontal cortex and social cognition
Amodio, D. M., & Frith, C. D. (2006) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1884 · Cited by 3,782
“The most caudal region of the MFC contains one or more cingulate motor areas, which are differentially involved in movements of the hand, eye and mout”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Picard, N., & Strick, P. L.
- Affiliations
- State University of New York (US)
- Corresponding author
- Strick, Peter L.
- ORCID
- Strick, Peter L.
- Venue
- Cerebral Cortex
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1996
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 342-353
- ISSN
- 1047-3211 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2199
- OpenAlex
- W2107751769
- Cited by
- 1,712
- References
- 99
- Citations by year
- 2026: 24 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 37 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 45 · 2020: 34 · 2019: 44 · 2018: 41 · 2017: 37 · 2016: 47 · 2015: 62 · 2014: 59 · 2013: 61 · 2012: 67
- FWCI
- 29.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Cerebral Cortex (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
- Keywords
- medial frontal lobe, premotor cortex, supplementary motor area, pre-supplementary motor area, cingulate motor area, primary motor cortex, motor control, functional activation, cingulate sulcus, superior frontal gyrus
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Haplorhini, Gyrus Cinguli, Humans, Motor Cortex
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