CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 38

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 3 of the 3 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Evaluating Differences in Opioid and Stimulant Use-associated Infectious Disease Hospitalizations in Florida, 2016–2017

Serota, David P, Bartholomew, Tyler S, Tookes, Hansel E·2021·Clinical Infectious Diseases
DOI 10.1093/cid/ciaa1278PMC PMC8492144
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Background: The opioid epidemic has led to increases in injection drug use (IDU)-associated infectious diseases; however, little is known about how more recent increases in stimulant use have affected the incidence and outcomes of hospitalizations for infections among people who inject drugs (PWID). Methods: All hospitalizations of PWID for IDU-associated infections in Florida were identified using administrative diagnostic codes and were grouped by substance used (opioids, stimulants, or both) and site of infection. We evaluated the association between substance used and the outcomes: patient-directed discharge (PDD, or “against medical advice”) and in-hospital mortality. Results: There were 22 856 hospitalizations for infections among PWID. Opioid use was present in 73%, any stimulants in 43%, and stimulants-only in 27%. Skin and soft tissue infection was present in 50%, sepsis/bacteremia in 52%, osteomyelitis in 10%, and endocarditis in 10%. PWID using opioids/stimulants were youngest, most uninsured, and had the highest rates of endocarditis (16%) and hepatitis C (44%). Additionally, 25% of patients with opioid/stimulant use had PDD versus 12% for those using opioids-only. In adjusted models, opioid/stimulant use was associated with PDD compared to opioid-only use (aRR 1.28, 95% CI 1.17–1.40). Younger age and endocarditis were also associated with PDD. Compared to opioid-only use, stimulant-only use had higher risk of in-hospital mortality (aRR 1.26, 95% CI 1.03–1.46). Conclusions: While opioid use contributed to most IDU-associated infections, many hospitalizations also involved stimulants. Increasing access to harm reduction interventions could help prevent these infections, while further research on the acute management of stimulant use disorder-associated infections is needed.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1093/cid/ciaa1278

Cites

3 of 3 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Figures

Figure 1. Flow diagram of IDU-associated infections in Florida. Abbreviation: IDU, injection drug use.
Figure 1. Flow diagram of IDU-associated infections in Florida. Abbreviation: IDU, injection drug use.CC BY-NC-ND · PubMed Central
Figure 2. Euler diagrams of infection distribution among people who inject drugs hospitalized in Florida, stratified by substance used. A, Opioid/Stimulant, B, Stimulant-only, and C, Opioid-only use. Ellipses represent the proportional frequency of each infection diagnosis with areas of overlap representing people with multiple infection diagnoses. Cases with all 4 diagnoses present are not graphically represented, their frequency is: opioid-only 25, stimulant-only 6, opioid/stimulant 17. Abbreviations: Bact/sepsis, bacteremia/sepsis; endo, endocarditis; osteo, osteomyelitis; SSTI, skin and soft tissue infection.
Figure 2. Euler diagrams of infection distribution among people who inject drugs hospitalized in Florida, stratified by substance used. A, Opioid/Stimulant, B, Stimulant-only, and C, Opioid-only use. Ellipses represent the proportional frequency of each infection diagnosis with areas of overlap representing people with multiple infection diagnoses. Cases with all 4 diagnoses present are not graphically represented, their frequency is: opioid-only 25, stimulant-only 6, opioid/stimulant 17. Abbreviations: Bact/sepsis, bacteremia/sepsis; endo, endocarditis; osteo, osteomyelitis; SSTI, skin and soft tissue infection.CC BY-NC-ND · PubMed Central

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 3 references

Research works printed but not linked: 38

  1. Cranston, 2019, Notes from the field: HIV diagnoses among persons who inject drugs—Northeastern Massachusetts, 2015–2018, MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 68, 253, 10.15585/mmwr.mm6810a6 · DOI
  2. Golden, 2019, Outbreak of human immunodeficiency virus infection among heterosexual persons who are living homeless and inject drugs—Seattle, Washington, 2018, MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 68, 344, 10.15585/mmwr.mm6815a2 · DOI
  3. Zibbell, 2015, Increases in hepatitis C virus infection related to injection drug use among persons aged </=30 years—Kentucky, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia, 2006–2012, MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 64, 453
  4. Ronan, 2016, Hospitalizations related to opioid abuse/dependence and associated serious infections increased sharply, 2002–12, Health Aff (Millwood), 35, 832, 10.1377/hlthaff.2015.1424 · DOI
  5. McCarthy, 2020, Bacterial infections associated with substance use disorders, large cohort of United States Hospitals, 2012–2017, Clin Infect Dis, 10.1093/cid/ciaa008 · DOI
  6. Schranz, 2019, Trends in drug use–associated infective endocarditis and heart valve surgery, 2007 to 2017: a study of statewide discharge datadrug use–associated infective endocarditis and valve surgery, Ann Intern Med, 170, 31, 10.7326/M18-2124 · DOI
  7. Leahey, 2019, High morbidity and mortality among patients with sentinel admission for injection drug use-related infective endocarditis, Open Forum Infect Dis, 6, ofz089, 10.1093/ofid/ofz089 · DOI
  8. Straw, 2019, Long-term outcomes are poor in intravenous drug users following infective endocarditis, even after surgery, Clin Infect Dis
  9. Bearnot, 2019, Experiences of care among individuals with opioid use disorder-associated endocarditis and their healthcare providers: Results from a qualitative study, J Subst Abuse Treat, 102, 16, 10.1016/j.jsat.2019.04.008 · DOI
  10. Rosenthal, 2016, Suboptimal addiction interventions for patients hospitalized with injection drug use-associated infective endocarditis, Am J Med, 129, 481, 10.1016/j.amjmed.2015.09.024 · DOI · Paper page
  11. Serota, 2019, Disparity in quality of infectious disease vs addiction care among patients with injection drug use-associated staphylococcus aureus bacteremia, Open Forum Infect Dis, 6, ofz289, 10.1093/ofid/ofz289 · DOI
  12. Barocas, 2020, Outcomes associated with medications for opioid use disorder among persons hospitalized for infective endocarditis, Clin Infect Dis
  13. Nguemeni Tiako, 2019, Recidivism is the leading cause of death among intravenous drug users who underwent cardiac surgery for infective endocarditis, Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 31, 40, 10.1053/j.semtcvs.2018.07.016 · DOI
  14. Shiels, 2018, Trends in U.S. drug overdose deaths in non-Hispanic black, Hispanic, and non-Hispanic white persons, 2000–2015, Ann Intern Med, 168, 453, 10.7326/M17-1812 · DOI
  15. Kariisa, 2019, Drug overdose deaths involving cocaine and psychostimulants with abuse potential—United States, 2003–2017, MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 68, 388, 10.15585/mmwr.mm6817a3 · DOI
  16. Jones, 2020, Resurgent methamphetamine use at treatment admission in the United States, 2008–2017, Am J Public Health, 110, 509, 10.2105/AJPH.2019.305527 · DOI
  17. Bartholomew, 2020, Examining risk behavior and syringe coverage among people who inject drugs accessing a syringe services program: a latent class analysis, Int J Drug Policy, 78, 102716, 10.1016/j.drugpo.2020.102716 · DOI
  18. Barocas, 2019, Sociodemographic factors and social determinants associated with toxicology confirmed polysubstance opioid-related deaths, Drug Alcohol Depend, 200, 59, 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.03.014 · DOI
  19. Al-Tayyib, 2017, Heroin and methamphetamine injection: an emerging drug use pattern, Subst Use Misuse, 52, 1051, 10.1080/10826084.2016.1271432 · DOI · Paper page
  20. Balán, 2018, High substance use and HIV risk behavior among young argentine men who have sex with men, AIDS Behav, 22, 1373, 10.1007/s10461-017-1987-z · DOI
  21. Tookes, 2015, A cost analysis of hospitalizations for infections related to injection drug use at a county safety-net hospital in Miami, Florida, PLoS One, 10, e0129360, 10.1371/journal.pone.0129360 · DOI · Paper page
  22. Coye, 2020, Hospital costs of injection drug use in Florida, Clin Infect Dis
  23. Janjua, 2018, Identifying injection drug use and estimating population size of people who inject drugs using healthcare administrative datasets, Int J Drug Policy, 55, 31, 10.1016/j.drugpo.2018.02.001 · DOI · Paper page
  24. Quan, 2005, Coding algorithms for defining comorbidities in ICD-9-CM and ICD-10 administrative data, Med Care, 43, 1130, 10.1097/01.mlr.0000182534.19832.83 · DOI · Paper page
  25. Dahlman, 2017, Behavioral characteristics and injection practices associated with skin and soft tissue infections among people who inject drugs: a community-based observational study, Subst Abus, 38, 105, 10.1080/08897077.2016.1263592 · DOI
  26. Ramachandran, 2018, A large HCV transmission network enabled a fast-growing HIV outbreak in rural Indiana, 2015, EBioMed, 37, 374, 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.10.007 · DOI
  27. Lee, 2008, A systematic review of cognitive and behavioural therapies for methamphetamine dependence, Drug Alcohol Rev, 27, 309, 10.1080/09595230801919494 · DOI
  28. Montoya, 2004, Randomized trial of buprenorphine for treatment of concurrent opiate and cocaine dependence, Clin Pharmacol Ther, 75, 34, 10.1016/j.clpt.2003.09.004 · DOI
  29. Wang, 2017, Polydrug use and its association with drug treatment outcomes among primary heroin, methamphetamine, and cocaine users, Int J Drug Policy, 49, 32, 10.1016/j.drugpo.2017.07.009 · DOI
  30. DeMaria, 2000, The effect of stimulant and sedative use on treatment outcome of patients admitted to methadone maintenance treatment, Am J Addict, 9, 145, 10.1080/10550490050173217 · DOI
  31. Merchant, 2020, Hospitalization outcomes of people who use drugs: One size does not fit all, J Subst Abuse Treat, 112, 23, 10.1016/j.jsat.2020.01.010 · DOI
  32. Frontera, 2000, Right-side endocarditis in injection drug users: review of proposed mechanisms of pathogenesis, Clin Infect Dis, 30, 374, 10.1086/313664 · DOI
  33. Chambers, 1987, Cocaine use and the risk for endocarditis in intravenous drug users, Ann Intern Med, 106, 833, 10.7326/0003-4819-106-6-833 · DOI
  34. Silverman, 2020, Hydromorphone and the risk of infective endocarditis among people who inject drugs: a population-based, retrospective cohort study, Lancet Infect Dis, 20, 487, 10.1016/S1473-3099(19)30705-4 · DOI
  35. Marks, 2020, Evaluation of partial oral antibiotic treatment for persons who inject drugs and are hospitalized with invasive infections, Clin Infect Dis, 10.1093/cid/ciaa365 · DOI
  36. Eaton, 2020, In-hospital illicit drug use and patient-directed discharge: barriers to care for patients with injection-related infections, Open Forum Infect Dis, 7, ofaa074, 10.1093/ofid/ofaa074 · DOI
  37. Serota, 2019, Infectious complications of addiction: a call for a new subspecialty within infectious diseases, Clin Infect Dis
  38. Wurcel, 2020, Impact of substance use disorder on midterm mortality after valve surgery for endocarditis, Ann Thorac Surg, 109, 1426, 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2019.09.004 · DOI

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Metadata

Authors
Serota, D. P., Bartholomew, T. S., & Tookes, H. E.
Affiliations
  • Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
  • Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
ORCID
Serota, David P
Venue
Clinical Infectious Diseases
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published
2020-09-04
Volume
73
Issue
7
Pages
e1649-e1657
ISSN
  • 1058-4838
  • 1537-6591
DOI
10.1093/cid/ciaa1278
PMC
PMC8492144
Cited by
38
References
3
Language
en
Licence
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (vor)
Funders
National Institutes of Health (P30CA240139)

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review