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HIV incidence among men with and those without sexually transmitted rectal infections: estimates from matching against an HIV case registry.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Sexually transmitted bacterial rectal infections are objective markers of HIV risk behavior. Quantifying HIV risk among men who have sex with men (MSM) who have had these infections can inform prevention efforts. We measured HIV risk among MSM who have and those who have not been diagnosed with rectal Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and/or rectal Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC). METHODS: HIV incidence among a cohort of 276 HIV-negative MSM diagnosed with rectal CT and/or GC in New York City sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics was compared to HIV incidence among HIV-negative MSM without these infections. Matches against the citywide HIV/AIDS registry identified HIV diagnoses from STD clinics, and by other providers. Cox proportional hazards models were used to explore factors associated with HIV acquisition among MSM with rectal infections. RESULTS: HIV-negative MSM with rectal infections (>70% of which were asymptomatic) contributed 464.7 person-years of follow-up. Among them, 31 (11.2%) were diagnosed with HIV, of whom 14 (45%) were diagnosed by non-STD clinic providers. The annual HIV incidence was significantly higher among MSM with rectal infections (6.67%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.61%-9.35%) than among MSM without rectal infections (2.53%; 95% CI, 1.31%-4.42%). Black race (hazard ratio, 4.98; 95% CI, 1.75-14.17) was associated with incident HIV among MSM with rectal CT/GC. CONCLUSIONS: One in 15 MSM with rectal infections was diagnosed with HIV within a year, a higher risk than for MSM without rectal infections. Such data have implications for screening for rectal STD, and may be useful for targeting populations for risk-reduction counseling and other HIV prevention strategies, such as preexposure prophylaxis.
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“Studies have documented the risk for HIV acquisition among MSM within 1 year after infection with rectal gonorrhea or chlamydia (one in 15 men), primary or secondary syphilis (one in 18), and among men with no rectal STI or syphilis infection (one in 53) (81–83).”
From Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021 (2021) · cites this paper as [82]
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“Rectal gonorrhea and chlamydia are associated with HIV infection (82,207), and men with repeat rectal infections can be at substantially higher risk for HIV acquisition (208).”
From Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021 (2021) · cites this paper as [82]
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Preexposure chemoprophylaxis for HIV prevention in men who have sex with men.
Grant, R. M., Lama, J. R., Anderson, P. L., McMahan, V., Liu, A. Y., Vargas, L., Goicochea, P., Casapía, M., Guanira-Carranza, J. V., Ramirez-Cardich, M. E., et al. (2010) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1011205 · Cited by 5,096
Estimated HIV Incidence in the United States, 2006–2009
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The Association Between Genital Ulcer Disease and Acquisition of HIV Infection in Homosexual Men
Stamm, W. E. (1988) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1988.03410100119036 · Cited by 438
Rectal gonorrhea and chlamydia reinfection is associated with increased risk of HIV seroconversion.
Bernstein, K. T., Marcus, J. L., Nieri, G., Philip, S. S., & Klausner, J. D. (2010) · JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes · doi:10.1097/qai.0b013e3181c3ef29 · Cited by 360
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Smith, D. K., Grant, R. M., Weidle, P. J., Lansky, A., Mermin, J., & Fenton, K. A. (2011) · PubMed · Cited by 325
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Research works printed but not linked: 1
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Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021
Workowski, K. A., Bachmann, L. H., Chan, P. A., Johnston, C. M., Muzny, C. A., Park, I., Reno, H., Zenilman, J. M., & Bolan, G. A. (2021) · MMWR. Recommendations and Reports · doi:10.15585/mmwr.rr7004a1 · Cited by 3,018
Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines, 2010
Workowski, K., & BOLAN, G. A. (2011) · Annals of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2011.04.006 · Cited by 2,074
Chan, P. A., Robinette, A., Montgomery, M., Almonte, A., Cu-Uvin, S., Lonks, J. R., Chapin, K. C., Kojic, E. M., & Hardy, E. J. (2016) · Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1155/2016/5758387 · Cited by 330
Epidemiology of gonorrhoea: a global perspective
Kirkcaldy, R. D., Weston, E. J., Segurado, A. A. C., & Hughes, G. (2019) · Sexual Health · doi:10.1071/sh19061 · Cited by 252
High Interest in Preexposure Prophylaxis Among Men Who Have Sex With Men at Risk for HIV Infection
Cohen, S. E., Vittinghoff, E., Bacon, O., Doblecki‐Lewis, S., Postle, B. S., Feaster, D. J., Matheson, T., Trainor, N., Blue, R. W., Estrada, Y. A., et al. (2014) · JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes · doi:10.1097/qai.0000000000000479 · Cited by 188
Metadata
- Authors
- Pathela, P., Braunstein, S. L., Blank, S., & Schillinger, J. A.
- Affiliations
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (US)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
- Corresponding author
- Pathela, P.
- Venue
- Clinical Infectious Diseases
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2013-06-25
- Volume
- 57
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1203-1209
- ISSN
- 1058-4838 (ISSN-L)
- 1537-6591
- OpenAlex
- W2131211208
- Cited by
- 146
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 8.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Clinical Infectious Diseases (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Reproductive tract infections research
- Keywords
- HIV incidence, men who have sex with men, sexually transmitted infections, HIV risk behavior, HIV prevention, Black men, STI screening
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Ambulatory Care Facilities, Chlamydia Infections, Chlamydia trachomatis, Gonorrhea, Humans, Male, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, New York City, Rectal Diseases, Registries, Retrospective Studies, Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Bacterial, HIV Infections, Homosexuality, Male, Safe Sex, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Young Adult
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