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Risk of Congenital Syphilis (CS) Following Treatment of Maternal Syphilis: Results of a CS Control Program in China
Open accessAbstract
Background: Early screening for syphilis among pregnant women and the effective treatment of maternal syphilis is fundamental to prevent congenital syphilis (CS). Methods: We obtained data from the Shenzhen Program for Prevention of CS (SPPCS) and estimated incidence rates of CS among infants born to syphilis-seropositive women treated with different regimens or untreated for maternal syphilis. Results: A total of 4746 matched cases of syphilis-seropositive mothers and their infants were included for analyses, and 162 infants were diagnosed with CS, providing an overall incidence of 3.41% (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.91%-3.98%). Among infants born to syphilis-seropositive women who had syphilis and were adequately treated before pregnancy, the incidence was 0.22% (95% CI, .05%-.66%). There were 159 cases of CS occurring in 3519 infants born to women who were syphilis-seropositive during their pregnancies, for an incidence of 4.52% (95% CI, 3.84%-5.28%). The incidence of CS was 1.82%-11.90% lower among infants born to the women treated with early benzathine penicillin G (BPG) compared with those treated with late BPG (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 8.06 [95% CI, 2.93-22.21]; P < .001), other antibiotics (aOR, 7.71 [95% CI, .86-69.28]; P = .068), or those untreated (aOR, 68.28 [95% CI, 29.64-157.28]; P < .001). The incidence rates were 0.22% (95% CI, .06%-.80%) and 0.59% (95% CI, .35%-1.02%) in infants born to women treated with 2 courses and 1 course of BPG, respectively, corresponding to a risk difference of 0.37% (aOR, 1.74; 95% CI, .37-8.26). Conclusions: Treatment of syphilis-seropositive pregnant women with 1 course of intramuscular BPG before 28 gestational weeks is critical for prevention of CS.
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Seven studies assessed the use of penicillin in 5,155 foetuses exposed to gestational syphilis during the third trimester.
“Seven studies 12,27,28,31,32,34,35 assessed the use of penicillin in 5,155 foetuses exposed to gestational syphilis during the third trimester.”
From Efectividad del tratamiento de la sífilis gestacional en el último trimestre sobre la incidencia de sífilis congénita: revisión sistemática y metanálisis (2025) · cites this paper as [28]
Three studies reported the incidence of congenital syphilis in 3,262 pregnant women who did not receive any treatment; incidence ranged from 2% to 12.2%.
“Three studies 28,32,34 reported the incidence of congenital syphilis in 3,262 pregnant women who did not receive any treatment. Incidence ranged from 2% to 12.2%”
From Efectividad del tratamiento de la sífilis gestacional en el último trimestre sobre la incidencia de sífilis congénita: revisión sistemática y metanálisis (2025) · cites this paper as [28]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Hong, F.-C., Wu, X.-B., Yang, F., Lan, L.-N., Guan, Y., Zhang, C.-L., Feng, T.-J., Yang, Y.-Z., Yin, Y.-P., Yu, W.-Y., Chen, X.-S., for the Shenzhen Program for Prevention of Congenital Syphilis (SPPCS) Collaborative Team, Luo, L.-X., Zhang, Y.-J., Wang, Q.-Q., Gong, X.-D., Wang, A.-L., Yang, B., Zheng, H.-P., Huang, S.-J., Mo, Y.-S., Lai, Y.-H., Luo, B., Pan, P., Cai, Y.-M., Wen, L.-Z., Tang, F., Huang, J.-X., Peng, J., Liu, H., Cai, Y.-L., Lin, S.-P., Wang, F., Wen, Y.-H., Cheng, J.-Q., Wang, H., Liu, S.-X., Jin, S.-Y., Huang, Z.-M., Wang, T.-L., Li, H., Luo, Z.-Z., Tian, L.-S., Qiu, L.-X., Zhang, J.-X., Wu, D.-S., Luo, Q.-L., Liu, Y., Liang, X.-Q., & Zhou, H.
- Affiliations
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control,
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CN)
- Venue
- Clinical Infectious Diseases
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2017-04-21
- Volume
- 65
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 588-594
- ISSN
- 1058-4838 (ISSN-L)
- 1537-6591
- OpenAlex
- W2606472194
- Semantic Scholar
- 4e97dec299484d9d6aa5af582ab38af09154ed35
- Cited by
- 54
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 2
- FWCI
- 3.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Clinical Infectious Diseases (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Syphilis Diagnosis and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Historical Medical Research and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Neonatal and Maternal Infections
- Keywords
- congenital syphilis, maternal syphilis, benzathine penicillin G, syphilis screening in pregnancy, antibiotic regimens, Shenzhen, obstetric care
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Penicillin G Benzathine, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, Risk Factors, Syphilis, Syphilis, Congenital, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical
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