Using fecal glucocorticoids for stress assessment in mourning doves
Open accessAbstract
Fecal glucocorticoid assays provide a potentially useful, noninvasive means to study physiological responses of wildlife to various stressors. The objective of our study was to validate a method for measuring glucocorticoid metabolites in Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura) feces. We validated the assay using standard procedures (e.g., parallelism, recovery of exogenous corticosterone) to demonstrate that the assay accurately and precisely measured glucocorticoid metabolites in Mourning Dove fecal extracts. We conducted adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) challenge experiments to validate the assay's ability to determine biologically important changes in fecal glucocorticoids. Fecal glucocorticoid levels increased significantly approximately 2–3 hr after administration of ACTH at 50 IU per kg body mass to wild Mourning Doves held in captivity. In contrast, fecal glucocorticoid metabolites did not increase in control birds, birds that received saline injections, or a lower dose of ACTH (1 IU per kg body mass). Variation in overall fecal glucocorticoid metabolite levels may have been influenced by season and the length of time birds were held in captivity. Noninvasive fecal glucocorticoid metabolite analyses, in combination with demographic information, may have considerable utility for monitoring the effects of natural and anthropogenic disturbances on Mourning Dove populations. Uso de Glucocorticoides Fecales Para Evaluar el Estrés en Zenaida macroura Resumen. Las evaluaciones de glucocorticoides fecales representan un medio no invasor potencialmente útil para estudiar las respuestas fisiológicas de los animales silvestres ante agentes causantes de estrés. El objetivo de nuestro estudio fue validar un método para medir metabolitos glucocorticoides en heces de palomas Zenaida macroura. Validamos el método mediante procedimientos estándar (e.g., paralelismo, recuperación de corticosterona exógena) para demostrar que éste mide con exactitud y precisión los metabolitos glucocorticoides en extractos fecales de Z. macroura. Realizamos experimentos de desafío con adrenocorticotropina (ACTH) para validar la habilidad que tenía el método para determinar cambios biológicamente importantes en los glucocorticoides fecales. Los niveles de glucocorticoides fecales aumentaron de forma significativa aproximadamente 2–3 hr después de la administración de ACTH a 50 IU por kg de peso corporal a palomas silvestres mantenidas en cautiverio. En contraste, los metabolitos glucocorticoides fecales no aumentaron en aves control, ni en aves que recibieron inyecciones salinas o una menor dosis de ACTH (1 IU por kg de peso corporal). La variación en los niveles generales de metabolitos glucocorticoides fecales podría haber sido influenciada por la estación y la longitud del período de tiempo en que las aves fueron mantenidas en cautiverio. Los análisis no invasores de metabolitos glucocorticoides, en combinación con información demográfica, podrían ser de considerable utilidad para monitorear los efectos de los disturbios naturales y antropogénicos sobre las poblaciones de Z. macroura.
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The finding that FGM concentrations did not differ between sexes agreed with results obtained in other avian species, such as the Mourning dove and the Golden eagle.
“This result agreed with those obtained in other avian species, such as the Mourning dove (Zenzaida macrura) (Washburn et al., 2003) and the Golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) (Staley et al., 2007).”
From Effect of weather conditions and presence of visitors on adrenocortical activity in captive African penguins (Spheniscus demersus) (2017) · cites this paper as Washburn et al., 2003
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Ozella, L., Anfossi, L., Di Nardo, F., & Pessani, D. (2017) · General and Comparative Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.12.002 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
- Authors
- Washburn, B. E., Millspaugh, J. J., Schulz, J. H., Jones, S. B., & Mong, T.
- Affiliations
- University of Missouri (US)
- Missouri Department of Conservation (US)
- United States Geological Survey (US)
- Venue
- The Condor
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2003-11-01
- Volume
- 105
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 696-706
- ISSN
- 0010-5422 (ISSN-L)
- 1938-5129
- OpenAlex
- W2009199576
- Cited by
- 61
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 3.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Ornithological Applications (publishedVersion)
- Lincoln (University of Nebraska) (submittedVersion)
- BioOne Complete (BioOne) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Missouri
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
- U.S. Geological Survey
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Avian ecology and behavior
- Keywords
- fecal glucocorticoids, stress measurement, mourning dove, Zenaida macroura, non-invasive biomarkers, ACTH challenge, corticosterone, assay validation, captive birds, seasonal variation, population monitoring, avian stress response, sex differences in stress response
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