Dentoskeletal effects and facial profile changes during activator therapy
Open accessAbstract
The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate cephalometrically the skeletal, dental, and soft tissue modifications induced by activator treatment in patients with Class II malocclusions caused by mandibular retrognathism. The subjects, all in the mixed dentition, were selected from a single centre and were divided into two groups: 40 patients treated with an incisor double capping activator (20 girls, 20 boys with a mean age of 10 years) and a control group of 30 subjects (15 girls, 15 boys with a mean age of 10 years). The dentoskeletal and aesthetic changes that occurred were compared on lateral cephalograms taken before treatment (T0) and after 18-24 months, when the activator was removed (T1). In the control group the radiographs were obtained before (T0) and after (T1) 21 months (standard deviation +/- 3 months). Activator treatment in these growing patients resulted in a correction of the Class II relationship (ANB -2.14 degrees), a restriction of maxillary growth (SNA -0.5 degrees), an advancement of the mandibular structures (SNB +1.64 degrees, FH--NPg +3.39 degrees; OLp-B +5.17 mm, OLp-Pg +5.14 mm, OLp-Go +2.44 mm), a correction of the overjet (-5.03 mm), an improvement in overbite (-1.17 mm) and uprighting of the maxillary incisors (1--FH -5.64 degrees). The activator appliance was effective in treating growing patients with mandibular deficiency: activator therapy corrected Class II malocclusions by a combination of skeletal and dental changes and improved the soft tissue facial profile.
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Functional treatment stimulates mandibular growth by forward posturing of the mandible with the condyles displaced downward and forward in the glenoid fossa.
“Functional treatment stimulates mandibular growth by forward posturing of the mandible with the condyles displaced downward and forward in the glenoid fossa.36, 37”
From Effectiveness of functional orthodontic appliances in obstructive sleep apnea treatment in children: literature review (2022) · cites this paper as [36]
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Frost (2004) · doi:10.1043/0003-3219(2004)074
- Authors
- Cozza, P.
- Affiliations
- University of Rome Tor Vergata (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Cozza, P.
- ORCID
- Cozza, P.
- Venue
- The European Journal of Orthodontics
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2004-06-01
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 293-302
- ISSN
- 0141-5387 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2210
- OpenAlex
- W1975388436
- Cited by
- 61
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 1 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 3.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Licence
- other-oa
- Locations
- European Journal of Orthodontics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Cineca Institutional Research Information System (Tor Vergata University) (submittedVersion)
- INFM-OAR (INFN Catania) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (other-oa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Orthodontics › Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Craniofacial Disorders and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Cleft Lip and Palate Research
- Keywords
- activator appliance, Class II malocclusion, mandibular retrognathism, mandibular deficiency, dentoskeletal changes, facial profile, maxillary growth restriction, mandibular advancement, overjet, overbite, mixed dentition, growing patients
- MeSH terms
- Activator Appliances, Cephalometry, Child, Esthetics, Dental, Face, Facial Bones, Female, Humans, Male, Malocclusion, Angle Class II, Maxillofacial Development, Orthodontics, Corrective, Retrospective Studies, Vertical Dimension, Case-Control Studies, Treatment Outcome, Mandibular Advancement, Retrognathia
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