A process genre approach to teaching writing
Abstract
This paper analyses the strengths and weaknesses of product, process, and genre approaches to writing in terms of their view of writing and how they see the development of writing. It argues that the three approaches are complementary, and identifies an approach which is informed by each of them.
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Process-based approaches that lead students through brainstorming, outlining, drafting, and revising benefit writing quality and learner autonomy.
“Writing quality and learner autonomy have been demonstrated to benefit from process-based approaches that lead students through the stages of brainstorming, outlining, drafting, and revising [1].”
From Evaluating the impact of using ChatGPT on EFL students’ argumentative skills (2026) · cites this paper as [1]
Meaningful writing development frequently results from struggle, reflection, and iterative learning.
“The idea that meaningful writing development frequently results from struggle, reflection, and iterative learning is support by the fact that students in CG, in contrast, reported a growing sense of ownership and self-efficacy despite their initial frustration [1].”
From Evaluating the impact of using ChatGPT on EFL students’ argumentative skills (2026) · cites this paper as [1]
Cites
A Framework for Task-Based Learning
Yuan, F., & Willis, J. R. (1999) · TESOL Quarterly · doi:10.2307/3588204 · Cited by 1,966 · see citing works
The Powers of Literacy (RLE Edu I)
(2014) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203149812 · Cited by 449 · see citing works
SMITH, F. J. (2013) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203812075 · Cited by 300 · see citing works
An educational, or process, approach to the teaching of professional genres
Flowerdew, J. (1993) · ELT Journal · doi:10.1093/elt/47.4.305 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Functional Approaches to Written Text: Classroom Applications.
Miller, T. (1997) · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Pincas, A. (1982) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 113 · see citing works
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Cited by
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Teng, L. S. (2022) · Assessing Writing · doi:10.1016/j.asw.2022.100645 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Evaluating the impact of using ChatGPT on EFL students’ argumentative skills
Mai, H. T. (2026) · Discover Education · doi:10.1007/s44217-026-01153-1 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
- Authors
- Badger, R., & White, G.
- Affiliations
- University of Stirling (GB)
- Venue
- ELT Journal
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2000-04-01
- Volume
- 54
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 153-160
- ISSN
- 0951-0893 (ISSN-L)
- 1477-4526
- OpenAlex
- W2031184796
- Cited by
- 756
- References
- 6
- Citations by year
- 2026: 28 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 45 · 2023: 44 · 2022: 64 · 2021: 59 · 2020: 58 · 2019: 52 · 2018: 47 · 2017: 50 · 2016: 47 · 2015: 42 · 2014: 44 · 2013: 32 · 2012: 35
- FWCI
- 9.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- ELT Journal (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Language and Linguistics › EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Literature and Literary Theory › Discourse Analysis in Language Studies
- Social Sciences › Education › Writing and Handwriting Education
- Keywords
- process-genre approach, writing instruction, product approach, process approach, genre-based approach, writing development, second language writing
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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