Arabidopsis thaliana Rop GTPases are localized to tips of root hairs and control polar growth
Open accessAbstract
Plants contain a novel unique subfamily of Rho GTPases, vital components of cellular signalling networks. Here we report a general role for some members of this family in polarized plant growth processes. We show that Arabidopsis AtRop4 and AtRop6 encode functional GTPases with similar intrinsic GTP hydrolysis rates. We localized AtRop proteins in root meristem cells to the cross-wall and cell plate membranes. Polar localization of AtRops in trichoblasts specifies the growth sites for emerging root hairs. These sites were visible before budding and elongation of the Arabidopsis root hair when AtRops accumulated at their tips. Expression of constitutively active AtRop4 and AtRop6 mutant proteins in root hairs of transgenic Arabidopsis plants abolished polarized growth and delocalized the tip-focused Ca2+ gradient. Polar localization of AtRops was inhibited by brefeldin A, but not by other drugs such as latrunculin B, cytochalasin D or caffeine. Our results demonstrate a general function of AtRop GTPases in tip growth and in polar diffuse growth.
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- Authors
- Molendijk, A. J., Bischoff, F., Rajendrakumar, C. S. V., Friml, J., Braun, M., Gilroy, S., & Palme, K.
- Affiliations
- Max Planck Society (DE)
- University of Bonn (DE)
- Pennsylvania State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Palme, Klaus
- Venue
- The EMBO Journal
- Published
- 2001-06-01
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 2779-2788
- ISSN
- 0261-4189 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2075
- PMC
- PMC125484
- OpenAlex
- W2040665646
- Cited by
- 439
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 27.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The EMBO Journal (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Molecular Biology Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Plant Reproductive Biology
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Polysaccharides and Plant Cell Walls
- Keywords
- ROP GTPases, Rho GTPases, root hair tip growth, polar growth, Arabidopsis thaliana, root meristem, cell plate, trichoblasts, calcium gradient, brefeldin A, polar localization, constitutively active mutant
- MeSH terms
- Calcium, Cell Line, Cytoskeleton, Immunohistochemistry, Microtubules, Plant Proteins, Plants, Toxic, Recombinant Proteins, Nicotiana, Transfection, Arabidopsis, Plant Roots, GTP Phosphohydrolases
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