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2021 ESC Guidelines on cardiac pacing and cardiac resynchronization therapy
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The ESC Guidelines represent the views of the ESC and were produced after careful consideration of the scientific and medical knowledge and the evidence available at the time of their publication.The ESC is not responsible in the event of any contradiction, discrepancy, and/or ambiguity between the ESC Guidelines and any other official recommendations or guidelines issued by the relevant public health authorities, in particular in relation to good use of healthcare or therapeutic strategies.Health professionals are encouraged to take the ESC Guidelines fully into account when exercising their clinical judgement, as well as in the determination and the implementation of preventive, diagnostic, or therapeutic medical strategies; however, the ESC Guidelines do not override, in any way whatsoever, the individual responsibility of health professionals to make appropriate and accurate decisions in consideration of each patient's health condition and in consultation with that patient and, where appropriate and/or necessary, the patient's caregiver.Nor do the ESC Guidelines exempt health professionals from taking into full and careful consideration the relevant official updated recommendations or guidelines issued by the competent public health authorities, in order to manage each patient's case in light of the scientifically accepted data pursuant to their respective ethical and professional obligations.It is also the health professional's responsibility to verify the applicable rules and regulations relating to drugs and medical devices at the time of prescription.
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“B‐blockers, nondihydropyridine calcium channel blockers (non‐DHP CCBs), class Ic/III antiarrhythmics, and digoxin have been considered reversible causes of AVB in clinical practice [2, 3, 4].”
From Clinical Significance and Management of Atrioventricular Block Associated With Bradycardic/Antiarrhythmic Drug Therapy: Drug-Induced or Drug-Revealed? (2025) · cites this paper as [4]
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“Despite these considerations, the European Guidelines do not suggest permanent pacing for AVB due to transient causes that are correctable, including bradycardic/antiarrhythmic drug therapy.”
From Clinical Significance and Management of Atrioventricular Block Associated With Bradycardic/Antiarrhythmic Drug Therapy: Drug-Induced or Drug-Revealed? (2025) · cites this paper as [4]
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Cited by
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2023 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes
Byrne, R. A., Rossello, X., Coughlan, J. J., Barbato, E., Berry, C., Chieffo, A., Claeys, M. J., Dan, G.-A., Dweck, M. R., Galbraith, M., et al. (2023) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehad191 · Cited by 5,333
Self-citation2023 ESC guidelines for the management of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes.
Marx, N., Federici, M., Schütt, K., Müller-Wieland, D., Ajjan, R. A., Antunes, M. J., Christodorescu, R. M., Crawford, C., Di Angelantonio, E., Eliasson, B., et al. (2023) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehad192 · Cited by 1,642
Self-citationHabbout, A., Sagnard, A., Pommier, T., Didier, R., Garnier, F., Fichot, M., Bertaux, G., Laurent, G., & Guenancia, C. (2023) · Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology · doi:10.1111/pace.14755 · Cited by 3
Sfairopoulos, D., Bazoukis, G., Sideris, S., Fragakis, N., Letsas, K., Zekios, K., Liu, T., & Korantzopoulos, P. (2025) · Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology · doi:10.1111/jce.16697 · Cited by 3
“B ‐ blockers, nondihydropyridine calcium channel blockers (non ‐ DHP CCBs), class Ic/III antiarrhythmics, and digoxin have been considered reversible causes of AVB in clinical practice [2 – 4].”
Atrioventricular block secondary to transient causes and long‐term recurrence after an index event
Santos, J. G., Martinho, M., Ferreira, B., Cunha, D., Briosa, A., Miranda, R., Almeida, S., Pereira, H., & Brandão, L. (2024) · Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology · doi:10.1111/pace.14957 · Cited by 1
Metadata
- Authors
- Glikson, M., Nielsen, J. C., Kronborg, M. B., Michowitz, Y., Auricchio, A., Barbash, I. M., Barrabés, J. A., Boriani, G., Braunschweig, F., Brignole, M., Burri, H., Coats, A. J. S., Deharo, J.-C., Delgado, V., Diller, G.-P., Israel, C. W., Keren, A., Knops, R. E., Kotecha, D., Leclercq, C., Merkely, B., Starck, C., Thylén, I., Tolosana, J. M., ESC Scientific Document Group, Leyva, F., Linde, C., Abdelhamid, M., Aboyans, V., Arbelo, E., Asteggiano, R., Barón-Esquivias, G., Bauersachs, J., Biffi, M., Birgersdotter-Green, U., Bongiorni, M. G., Borger, M. A., Čelutkienė, J., Cikes, M., Daubert, J.-C., Drossart, I., Ellenbogen, K., Elliott, P. M., Fabritz, L., Falk, V., Fauchier, L., Fernández-Avilés, F., Foldager, D., Gadler, F., De Vinuesa, P. G. G., Gorenek, B., Guerra, J. M., Hermann Haugaa, K., Hendriks, J., Kahan, T., Katus, H. A., Konradi, A., Koskinas, K. C., Law, H., Lewis, B. S., Linker, N. J., Løchen, M.-L., Lumens, J., Mascherbauer, J., Mullens, W., Nagy, K. V., Prescott, E., Raatikainen, P., Rakisheva, A., Reichlin, T., Ricci, R. P., Shlyakhto, E., Sitges, M., Sousa-Uva, M., Sutton, R., Suwalski, P., Svendsen, J. H., Touyz, R. M., Van Gelder, I. C., Vernooy, K., Waltenberger, J., Whinnett, Z., Witte, K. K., Kronborg, M. B., Michowitz, Y., Auricchio, A., Barbash, I. M., Barrabés, J. A., Boriani, G., Braunschweig, F., Brignole, M., Burri, H., Coats, A. J. S., Deharo, J.-C., Delgado, V., Diller, G.-P., Israel, C. W., Keren, A., Knops, R. E., Kotecha, D., Leclercq, C., Merkely, B., Starck, C., Thylén, I., & Tolosana, J. M.
- Affiliations
- Aarhus University (DK)
- ORCID
- Glikson, Michael
- Nielsen, Jens Cosedis
- Abdelhamid, Magdy
- Aboyans, Victor
- Asteggiano, Riccardo
- Čelutkienė, Jelena
- Daubert, Jean-Claude
- Ellenbogen, Kenneth
- Falk, Volkmar
- Fauchier, Laurent
- Hendriks, Jeroen
- Kahan, Thomas
- Katus, Hugo A
- Koskinas, Konstantinos C
- Lumens, Joost
- Prescott, Eva
- Ricci, Renato Pietro
- Sutton, Richard
- Vernooy, Kevin
- Witte, Klaus K
- Venue
- European Heart Journal
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2021-08-29
- Volume
- 42
- Issue
- 35
- Pages
- 3427-3520
- ISSN
- 0195-668X (ISSN-L)
- 1522-9645
- OpenAlex
- W3217576295
- Cited by
- 2,019
- References
- 859
- Citations by year
- 2026: 358 · 2025: 391 · 2024: 413 · 2023: 428 · 2022: 378 · 2021: 46
- FWCI
- 211.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model (vor)
- Locations
- European Heart Journal (publishedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Leiden Repository (Leiden University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- IRIS UNIMORE (University of Modena and Reggio Emilia) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion)
- Scopus (Elsevier) (submittedVersion)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Sociedad Española de Cardiología
- British Cardiovascular Society
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR200158, NIHR130280)
- Türk Kardiyoloji Derneği
- Novo Nordisk Fonden (NNF16OC0018658)
- Slovenská Kardiologická Spoločnost
- Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac pacing and defibrillation studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Emergency Medicine › Cardiac Arrest and Resuscitation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias
- Keywords
- cardiac pacing, cardiac resynchronization therapy, pacing indications, heart failure, atrial fibrillation
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