The DOI matches its Crossref record; 28 of the 28 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, coronary artery disease, and cardiovascular mortality
Open accessAbstract
AIMS: High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol is a strong predictor of cardiovascular mortality. This work aimed to investigate whether the presence of coronary artery disease (CAD) impacts on its predictive value. METHODS AND RESULTS: We studied 3141 participants (2191 males, 950 females) of the LUdwigshafen RIsk and Cardiovascular health (LURIC) study. They had a mean ± standard deviation age of 62.6 ± 10.6 years, body mass index of 27.5 ± 4.1 kg/m², and HDL cholesterol of 38.9 ± 10.8 mg/dL. The cohort consisted of 699 people without CAD, 1515 patients with stable CAD, and 927 patients with unstable CAD. The participants were prospectively followed for cardiovascular mortality over a median (inter-quartile range) period of 9.9 (8.7-10.7) years. A total of 590 participants died from cardiovascular diseases. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol by tertiles was inversely related to cardiovascular mortality in the entire cohort (P = 0.009). There was significant interaction between HDL cholesterol and CAD in predicting the outcome (P = 0.007). In stratified analyses, HDL cholesterol was strongly associated with cardiovascular mortality in people without CAD [3rd vs. 1st tertile: HR (95% CI) = 0.37 (0.18-0.74), P = 0.005], but not in patients with stable [3rd vs. 1st tertile: HR (95% CI) = 0.81 (0.61-1.09), P = 0.159] and unstable [3rd vs. 1st tertile: HR (95% CI) = 0.91 (0.59-1.41), P = 0.675] CAD. These results were replicated by analyses in 3413 participants of the AtheroGene cohort and 5738 participants of the ESTHER cohort, and by a meta-analysis comprising all three cohorts. CONCLUSION: The inverse relationship of HDL cholesterol with cardiovascular mortality is weakened in patients with CAD. The usefulness of considering HDL cholesterol for cardiovascular risk stratification seems limited in such patients.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“In patients who underwent coronary angiography, we have observed that HDL-C correlates inversely with cardiovascular mortality in the absence of CHD, that the relationship of HDL-C to long-term prognosis was weakened in stable coronary heart disease, whereas in clinically unstable patients the relationship was completely abolished [74].”
From HDL cholesterol: reappraisal of its clinical relevance (2017) · cites this paper as [74]
In the citing paper
“In patients who underwent coronary angiography, we have observed that HDL-C correlates inversely with cardiovascular mortality in the absence of CHD, that the relationship of HDL-C to long-term prognosis was weakened in stable coronary heart disease, whereas in clinically unstable patients the relationship was completely abolished [74].”
From HDL cholesterol: reappraisal of its clinical relevance (2017) · cites this paper as [74]
In the citing paper
“In patients who underwent coronary angiography, we have observed that HDL-C correlates inversely with cardiovascular mortality in the absence of CHD, that the relationship of HDL-C to long-term prognosis was weakened in stable coronary heart disease, whereas in clinically unstable patients the relationship was completely abolished [74].”
From HDL cholesterol: reappraisal of its clinical relevance (2017) · cites this paper as [74]
In the citing paper
“In patients with diabetes mellitus, coronary disease, chronic renal insufficiency, cardiovascular risk factors and disorders, the function of HDL is impaired [9, 61, 70–74].”
From HDL cholesterol: reappraisal of its clinical relevance (2017) · cites this paper as [74]
In the citing paper
“CETP inhibition probably also extends the lifespan of dysfunctional HDL.”
From HDL cholesterol: reappraisal of its clinical relevance (2017) · cites this paper as [74]
In the citing paper
“This may not only eliminate the postulated atheroprotective effect but even be harmful if HDL gained adverse properties [9, 74, 108].”
From HDL cholesterol: reappraisal of its clinical relevance (2017) · cites this paper as [74]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol and cardiovascular disease. Four prospective American studies.
Gordon, D. J., Probstfield, J. L., Garrison, R. J., Neaton, J. D., Castelli, W. P., Knoke, J. D., Jacobs, D. R., Bangdiwala, S., & Tyroler, H. A. (1989) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.79.1.8 · Cited by 3,162
Effects of torcetrapib in patients at high risk for coronary events
Barter, P. J., Caulfield, M., Eriksson, M., Grundy, S. M., Kastelein, J. J. P., Komajda, M., Lopez-Sendon, J., Mosca, L., Tardif, J.-C., Waters, D. D., et al. (2007) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0706628 · Cited by 3,139
Major lipids, apolipoproteins, and risk of vascular disease
The Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration* (2009) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2009.1619 · Cited by 2,731
Effects of dalcetrapib in patients with a recent acute coronary syndrome
Schwartz, G. G., Olsson, A. G., Abt, M., Ballantyne, C. M., Barter, P. J., Brumm, J., Chaitman, B. R., Holme, I. M., Kallend, D., Leiter, L. A., et al. (2012) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1206797 · Cited by 2,022
Cholesterol efflux capacity, high-density lipoprotein function, and atherosclerosis
Khera, A. V., Cuchel, M., de la Llera-Moya, M., Rodrigues, A., Burke, M. F., Jafri, K., French, B. C., Phillips, J. A., Mucksavage, M. L., Wilensky, R. L., et al. (2011) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1001689 · Cited by 1,943
HDL cholesterol, very low levels of LDL cholesterol, and cardiovascular events
Barter, P., Gotto, A. M., LaRosa, J. C., Maroni, J., Szarek, M., Grundy, S. M., Kastelein, J. J. P., Bittner, V., & Fruchart, J.-C. (2007) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa064278 · Cited by 1,610
Chapman, M. J., Ginsberg, H. N., Amarenco, P., Andreotti, F., Borén, J., Catapano, A. L., Descamps, O. S., Fisher, E., Kovanen, P. T., Kuivenhoven, J. A., et al. (2011) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehr112 · Cited by 1,227
Assmann, G., Schulte, H., von Eckardstein, A., & Huang, Y. (1996) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/0021-9150(96)05852-2 · Cited by 700
HDL and cardiovascular disease: atherogenic and atheroprotective mechanisms
Navab, M., Reddy, S. T., Lenten, B. J. V., & Fogelman, A. M. (2011) · Nature Reviews Cardiology · doi:10.1038/nrcardio.2010.222 · Cited by 666
Glutathione Peroxidase 1 Activity and Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease
Blankenberg, S., Rupprecht, H. J., Bickel, C., Torzewski, M., Hafner, G., Tiret, L., Smieja, M., Cambien, F., Meyer, J., & Lackner, K. J. (2003) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa030535 · Cited by 602
Self-citation
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- 2000, Pharmacogenomics, 2, S1
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–124 of 124
Effects of Quercetin Supplementation on Lipid and Protein Metabolism after Classic Boxing Training
Demirci, N., & Ziyagil, M. A. (2017) · Journal of Education and Training Studies · doi:10.11114/jets.v5i4.2193 · Cited by 2
Khounphinith, E., Yin, R., Qiu, L., Zhang, F.-H., Yan, R.-Q., Lü, L., & Su, Y. (2018) · PubMed Central · Cited by 2
Gao, H. Y., Yin, R., Zhang, Q., Qiu, L., Khounphinith, E., Wang, D.-S., & Li, K.-G. (2018) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 2
Şanlıalp, S. Ç., Şanlıalp, M., Nar, G., & Yıldız, C. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine of Kazakhstan · doi:10.23950/jcmk/11238 · Cited by 1
Masuda, Y., Kishimoto, N., Yamada, C., Akira, K. U. B. O., Moriyama, K., Suzuki, N., Akina, M. I. N. E., Okuno, C., Takashimizu, S., & Nishizaki, Y. (2022) · Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders · doi:10.1089/met.2022.0034 · Cited by 1
Dusty Punch Cards and an Eternal Enigma: High-Density Lipoproteins and Atherosclerosis
Kleber, M. E., Grammer, T. B., Kassner, U., Silbernagel, G., & März, W. (2014) · Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40265-014-0189-5 · Cited by 1
Self-citationTreating lipid disorders and diabetes with novel and established drugs
Lüscher, T. F. (2015) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehv410 · Cited by 1
Roumeliotis, A., Claessen, B. E. P. M., Dangas, G., Torguson, R., Sartori, S., Reisman, A. M., Cao, D., Chandiramani, R., Nicolas, J., Goel, R., et al. (2020) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2020.09.048 · Cited by 1
Martin, S. S., Joshi, P. H., & Blaha, M. J. (2014) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.10.026
Biomarker des Lipoproteinstoffwechsels
von Eckardstein, A. (2015) · Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.4414/cvm.2015.00297
2. Cholesterol and cognitive functioning in persons free from stroke and dementia
Crichton, G. E., Sullivan, K., & Elias, M. F. (2016) · Wageningen Academic Publishers eBooks · doi:10.3920/978-90-8686-821-6_2
Lipidomik identifiziert Ceramide als neue kardiovaskuläre Risikomarker
März, W., Kleber, M. E., Scharnagl, H., & Laaksonen, R. (2017) · CardioVasc · doi:10.1007/s15027-017-1276-9
Self-citationBande, U. S., & Renukappa, V. B. (2018) · Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare · doi:10.18410/jebmh/2018/578
Lipopolysaccharide Binding Protein and Cardiovascular Changes in Obese Children
Mansour, E. N., Elwakeel, M. E., Elaziz, O. H. A., & Shipl, W. M. (2021) · Open Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.4236/ojped.2021.112022
Deng, S., Wang, Z., Zhang, Y., Xin, Y., Zeng, C. C., & Hu, X. (2021) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3943529
Zhang, P., Liu, X., Feng, N., Duan, P., Guo, Y., & Bai, C. (2025) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000042706
Clerc, A., Puricel, S., Faucherre, Y., Magnin, J., Lehmann, S., Garín, D., Ferry, C., Meier, P., Togni, M., & Cook, S. (2025) · Journal of Interventional Cardiology · doi:10.1155/joic/5030966
Tang, Y., Wang, S., Yi, Q., Xia, Y., & Geng, B. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.15050532
Deng, S., Wang, Z., Zhang, Y., Xin, Y., Zeng, C., & Hu, X. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.19094107
Delgado, S. E. (2017) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/d8aabbbazd750z4f3cz824czd7ae7217f99a
Zhao, H., Li, W., Li, H., Wei, D., Li, J., & Guo, Q. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-8460684/v1
BindingDB Entry 50045342: Some molecular targets for antihyperlipidemic drug research.
BindingDB (2016) · UC San Diego · doi:10.7270/q2kp83v8
Metadata
- Authors
- Silbernagel, G., Schottker, B., Appelbaum, S., Scharnagl, H., Kleber, M. E., Grammer, T. B., Ritsch, A., Mons, U., Holleczek, B., Goliasch, G., Niessner, A., Boehm, B. O., Schnabel, R. B., Brenner, H., Blankenberg, S., Landmesser, U., & Marz, W.
- Affiliations
- University of Bern (CH)
- Universität Hamburg (DE)
- Medical University of Graz (AT)
- Heidelberg University (DE)
- Innsbruck Medical University (AT)
- German Cancer Research Center (DE)
- Medical University of Vienna (AT)
- Nanyang Technological University (SG)
- University of Zurich (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Silbernagel, G.
- ORCID
- Venue
- European Heart Journal
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2013-09-07
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 46
- Pages
- 3563-3571
- ISSN
- 0195-668X (ISSN-L)
- 1522-9645
- OpenAlex
- W2072406176
- Cited by
- 123
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 19
- FWCI
- 13.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- European Heart Journal (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
- reroDoc Digital Library (submittedVersion)
- Bern Open Repository and Information System (University of Bern) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)
- Funders
- European Commission (201668, 305739, LSHM-CT-2004-503485)
- Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
- Fondation de France (2002004994)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Clinical Biochemistry › Paraoxonase enzyme and polymorphisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Keywords
- HDL cholesterol, coronary artery disease, cardiovascular mortality, cardiovascular risk stratification, stable coronary artery disease, unstable coronary artery disease, LURIC study, ESTHER cohort
- MeSH terms
- Cardiovascular Diseases, Cause of Death, Coronary Artery Disease, Female, Germany, Humans, Cholesterol, HDL, Male, Middle Aged, Prognosis, Risk Factors, Cohort Studies
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
