Persisting gender differences and attenuating age differences in cardiovascular drug use for prevention and treatment of coronary heart disease, 1998-2010
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Evidence on recent time trends in age-gender differences in cardiovascular drug use is scarce. We studied time trends in age-gender-specific cardiovascular drug use for primary prevention, secondary prevention, and in-hospital treatment of coronary heart disease. METHODS AND RESULTS: The PHARMO database was used for record linkage of drug dispensing, hospitalization, and population data to identify drug use between 1998 and 2010 in 1 203 290 persons ≥25 years eligible for primary prevention, 84 621 persons hospitalized for an acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and 15 651 persons eligible for secondary prevention. The use of cardiovascular drugs increased over time in all three settings. In primary prevention, the proportion of women that used lipid-lowering drugs was lower than men between 2003 and 2010 (5.7 vs. 7.3% in 2010). The higher proportion of women that used blood pressure-lowering drugs for primary prevention, compared with men, attenuated over time (15.1 vs. 13.8% in 2010). During hospital admission for an ACS, the proportion of women that used cardiovascular drugs was lower than men. In secondary prevention (36 months after hospital discharge), drug use was lowest in young women. The proportion receiving lipid-lowering drugs declined after the age of 75 in all three settings. This age difference attenuated over time. CONCLUSION: Age differences in drug use tended to attenuate over time, whereas gender differences persisted. Areas potentially for improvement are in the hospital treatment of ACS in young women, in secondary prevention among young women and the elderly, and in the continuity of drug use in secondary prevention.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
ApoE2 homozygosity generally does not cause familial dysbetalipoproteinaemia unless a coincidental dyslipidaemia such as HTG, diabetes, obesity, or hypothyroidism is present.
“However, without some coincidental cause of dyslipidaemia such as dyslipidaemia associated with HTG, DM, obesity, or hypothyroidism [373-375], ApoE2 homozygosity does not generally cause familial dysbetalipoproteinaemia.”
From 2019 ESC/EAS guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk (2019) · cites this paper as [374]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Yusuf, S., Hawken, S., Ôunpuu, S., Dans, T., Avezum, A., Lanas, F., McQueen, M., Budaj, A., Pais, P., Varigos, J., et al. (2004) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(04)17018-9 · Cited by 12,026 · see citing works
European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (version 2012)
Authors/Task Force Members:, Perk, J., De Backer, G., Gohlke, H., Graham, I., Reiner, Ž., Verschuren, M., Albus, C., Benlian, P., Boysen, G., et al. (2012) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehs092 · Cited by 8,490 · see citing works
Authors Task Force Members, Steg, P. G., James, S. K., Atar, D., Badano, L. P., Lundqvist, C. B., Borger, M. A., Mario, C. D., Dickstein, K., Ducrocq, G., et al. (2012) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehs215 · Cited by 6,838 · see citing works
Shepherd, J., Blauw, G. J., Murphy, M. B., Bollen, E. L., Buckley, B. M., Cobbe, S. M., Ford, I., Gaw, A., Hyland, M., Jukema, J. W., et al. (2002) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(02)11600-x · Cited by 3,378 · see citing works
Authors Task Force Members, Hamm, C. W., Bassand, J., Agewall, S., Bax, J. J., Boersma, E. H., Bueno, H., Caso, P., Dudek, D., Gielen, S., et al. (2011) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehr236 · Cited by 3,069 · see citing works
Hamm, C. W., Bassand, J., Agewall, S., Bax, J. J., Boersma, E. H., Bueno, H., Caso, P., Dudek, D., Gielen, S., Huber, K., et al. (2012) · Revista Española de Cardiología (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.rec.2011.11.006 · Cited by 1,061 · see citing works
Decline in Rates of Death and Heart Failure in Acute Coronary Syndromes, 1999-2006
Fox, K. A. A., Steg, P. G., Eagle, K. A., Goodman, S. G., Anderson, F. A., Granger, C. B., Flather, M. D., Budaj, A., Quill, A. L., Gore, J. M., et al. (2007) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.297.17.1892 · Cited by 874 · see citing works
Authors/Task Force Members:, Perk, J., Backer, G. D., Gohlke, H., Graham, I. D., Reiner, Ž., Verschuren, W. M. M., Albus, C., Benlian, P., Boysen, G., et al. (2012) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehs254 · Cited by 390 · see citing works
Validation of pharmacy records in drug exposure assessment
Lau, H. S., de Boer, A., Beuning, K. S., & Porsius, A. J. (1997) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(97)00040-1 · Cited by 371 · see citing works
Evolution of statin prescribing 1994–2001: a case of agism but not of sexism?
DeWilde, S., Carey, I. M., Bremner, S. A., Richards, N., Hilton, S. R., & Cook, D. G. (2003) · Heart · doi:10.1136/heart.89.4.417 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Lee, H. Y., Cooke, C. E., & Robertson, T. (2008) · Journal of Managed Care Pharmacy · doi:10.18553/jmcp.2008.14.3.271 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Postma, N. S., Beest, F. J. A. P., Siiskonen, S. J., Falvey, H., Vincze, G., Klungel, O. H., & Herings, R. M. C. (2007) · Current Medical Research and Opinion · doi:10.1185/030079908x253843 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Self-citationComparison of different methods to estimate prevalence of drug use by using pharmacy records
Mantel-Teeuwisse, A. K., Klungel, O. H., Verschuren, W. M. M., Porsius, A. J., & de Boer, A. (2001) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(01)00396-1 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
West, S. L., Strom, B. L., Freundlich, B., Normand, E. H., Koch, G. G., & Savitz, D. A. (1994) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/0895-4356(94)90021-3 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Sheppard, J. P., Singh, S. P., Fletcher, K., McManus, R. J., & Mant, J. (2012) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.e4535 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Murphy, N. F., Simpson, C. R., Macintyre, K., McAlister, F. A., Chalmers, J., & McMurray, J. J. V. (2006) · Heart · doi:10.1136/hrt.2005.069419 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
DeWilde, S., Carey, I. M., Richards, N., Whincup, P. H., & Cook, D. G. (2007) · Heart · doi:10.1136/hrt.2006.111757 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Pharmacy‐Based Medical Record Linkage Systems
Herings, R. M. C., & Pedersen, L. H. (2012) · Pharmacoepidemiology · doi:10.1002/9781119959946.ch18 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Self-citationEvidence for inequalities in the management of coronary heart disease in Scotland
Simpson, C. R., Hannaford, P. C., & Williams, D. J. (2005) · Heart · doi:10.1136/hrt.2004.036723 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Setoguchi, S., Glynn, R. J., Avorn, J., et al. (2007) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2007.04.052 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Treatment and short-term outcome in women and men with acute coronary syndromes
Perers, E., Caidahl, K., Herlitz, J. D., et al. (2005) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2004.07.015 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Spectrum of Acute Coronary Syndromes: History and Clinical Presentation in Relation to Sex and Age
Perers, E., Caidahl, K., Herlitz, J. D., Sjölin, M., Karlson, B. W., Karlsson, T., & Hartford, M. (2004) · Cardiology · doi:10.1159/000077907 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Collier, D., Poulter, N. R., Dahlöf, B., Sever, P., Wedel, H., Buch, J., & Caulfield, M. J. (2011) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0b013e328342c8f7 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Ramsay, S. E., Morris, R. W., Papacosta, O., LENNON, L. T., Thomas, M. C., & Whincup, P. H. (2005) · Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdi053 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Wallach‐Kildemoes, H., Hendriksen, C., & Andersen, M. T. (2011) · Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety · doi:10.1002/pds.2195 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Macchia, A., Romero, M., D'Ettorre, A., et al. (2011) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehr410 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
van Dis, I., Geleijnse, J. M., Verschuren, W. M. M., & Kromhout, D. (2012) · Netherlands Heart Journal · doi:10.1007/s12471-012-0268-8 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Lahoz, C., Mantilla, T., Taboada, M., Soler, B., Tranche, S., López-Rodríguez, I., Monteiro, B., Martı́n-Jadraque, R., Sanchez-Zamorano, M. A., & Mostaza, J. M. (2008) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2007.12.115 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Filippi, A., DʼAmbrosio, G., Giustini, S. E., et al. (2009) · Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.2459/jcm.0b013e32832c6110 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Disparities in Combination Drug Therapy Use in Older Adults with Coronary Heart Disease
Tjia, J., Briesacher, B. A., Xie, D., Fu, J., & Goldberg, R. J. (2010) · Drugs & Aging · doi:10.2165/11532150-000000000-00000 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Hirakawa, Y., Masuda, Y., Kuzuya, M., et al. (2006) · International Heart Journal · doi:10.1536/ihj.47.209 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Mach, F., Baigent, C., Catapano, A. L., Koskinas, K. C., Casula, M., Badimon, L., Chapman, M. J., De Backer, G. G., Delgado, V., Ference, B. A., et al. (2019) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.08.014 · Cited by 4,854 · see citing works
Acute Myocardial Infarction in Women: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Mehta, L. S., Beckie, T. M., DeVon, H. A., Grines, C. L., Krumholz, H. M., Johnson, M. N., Lindley, K. J., Vaccarino, V., Wang, T. Y., Watson, K. E., et al. (2016) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000351 · Cited by 1,244 · see citing works
Armitage, J., Baigent, C., Barnes, E., Betteridge, D. J., Blackwell, L., Blazing, M., Bowman, L., Braunwald, E., Byington, R., Cannon, C., et al. (2019) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(18)31942-1 · Cited by 801 · see citing works
Rao, S. V., O’Donoghue, M. L., Ruel, M., Rab, T., Tamis-Holland, J. E., Alexander, J. H., Baber, U., Baker, H., Cohen, M. G., Cruz-Ruiz, M., et al. (2025) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000001309 · Cited by 625 · see citing works
Amamou, T., Normandin, E., Pouliot, J., Dionne, I. J., Brochu, M., & Riesco, E. (2017) · The Journal of nutrition, health and aging · doi:10.1007/s12603-016-0760-8 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
- Authors
- Koopman, C., Vaartjes, I., Heintjes, E. M., Spiering, W., van Dis, I., Herings, R. M. C., & Bots, M. L.
- Affiliations
- University Medical Center Utrecht (NL)
- Pharmo Institute (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Koopman, Carla
- Venue
- European Heart Journal
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2013-09-17
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 41
- Pages
- 3198-3205
- ISSN
- 0195-668X (ISSN-L)
- 1522-9645
- OpenAlex
- W2168078289
- Cited by
- 131
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 7
- FWCI
- 10.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- European Heart Journal (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Sex and Gender in Healthcare
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Acute Myocardial Infarction Research
- Keywords
- gender differences, age differences, cardiovascular drug use, coronary artery disease, primary prevention, secondary prevention, acute coronary syndrome, lipid-lowering drugs, blood pressure medication, temporal trends, women, older adults
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cardiovascular Agents, Coronary Disease, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Hospitalization, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Netherlands, Primary Prevention, Age Distribution, Sex Distribution, Healthcare Disparities, Secondary Prevention
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
