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Cited by 81Cardiac pacing and defibrillation studiesCardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmiasCoronary Interventions and Diagnostics

State of the art of leadless pacing

Open access
Sperzel, Johannes, Burri, Haran, Gras, Daniel, Tjong, Fleur V.Y., Knops, Reinoud E., Hindricks, Gerhard, Steinwender, Clemens, Defaye, Pascal·2015·Europace
DOI 10.1093/europace/euv096PMC PMC4617371
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Abstract

Despite undisputable benefits, conventional pacemaker therapy is associated with specific complications related to the subcutaneous device and the transvenous leads. Recently, two miniaturized leadless pacemakers, Nanostim™ (St. Jude Medical) and Micra™ (Medtronic), which can be completely implanted inside the right ventricle using steerable delivery systems, entered clinical application. The WiCS™-cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) system (wireless cardiac stimulation for CRT, EBR Systems) delivers leadless left ventricular endocardial stimulation for cardiac resynchronization. In addition to obvious cosmetic benefits, leadless pacing systems may have the potential to overcome some complications of conventional pacing. However, acute and long-term complications still remains to be determined, as well as the feasibility of device explantation years after device placement.

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Crossref · 10.1093/europace/euv096

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  • Market-released leadless devices such as Micra and Nanostim introduce new complications due to integration of a battery into the main body of the pacer.

    “Although the recent FDA approval of the Micra marks a positive step towards leadless devices, it introduces a new set of complications, notably due to their integration of a battery into the main body of the pacer8–10.”

    From Inductively powered wireless pacing via a miniature pacemaker and remote stimulation control system (2017) · cites this paper as [8]

    The table in “Leadless systems for right ventricle pacing” lists integrated batteries for both Micra and Nanostim. The same section raises unresolved questions about retrieval or implanting another device after battery depletion, but does not establish that battery integration has caused new complications. (LLM, conf=0.85)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Alternative leadless solutions such as energy harvesters and ultrasound-based wireless pacers are hindered by a large device size that leads to mechanically stressed fixation mechanisms.

    “Alternative solutions for leadless devices have been proposed, including utilization of energy harvesters11, 12 and ultrasound-based wireless pacers8, 13, 14. However, these are similarly hindered by a large device size that leads to mechanically stressed fixation mechanisms.”

    From Inductively powered wireless pacing via a miniature pacemaker and remote stimulation control system (2017) · cites this paper as [8]

    The technological-aspects section describes the ultrasound-based WiCS leadless pacer and its fixation tines, while the future-perspectives section mentions research on harvesting cardiac-motion energy. The paper does not say that either approach is hindered by large device size or that size mechanically stresses its fixation mechanism (no page numbers are available in our copy). (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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Cites

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Research works printed but not linked: 22

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Authors
Sperzel, J., Burri, H., Gras, D., Tjong, F. V. Y., Knops, R. E., Hindricks, G., Steinwender, C., & Defaye, P.
Affiliations
  • Kerckhoff Klinik (DE)
  • University Hospital of Geneva (CH)
  • Nouvelles Cliniques Nantaises (FR)
  • Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam (NL)
  • Leipzig University (DE)
  • Johannes Kepler University of Linz (AT)
  • Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Grenoble (FR)
Corresponding author
Sperzel, Johannes
ORCID
Venue
Europace
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published
2015-05-29
Volume
17
Issue
10
Pages
1508-1513
ISSN
  • 1099-5129 (ISSN-L)
  • 1532-2092
DOI
10.1093/europace/euv096
PMC
PMC4617371
OpenAlex
W2126563732
Cited by
81
References
4
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 4
FWCI
12.13
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by-nc
Locations
  • EP Europace (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • reroDoc Digital Library (submittedVersion)
  • Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
  • Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
Funders
St. Jude Medical
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac pacing and defibrillation studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Coronary Interventions and Diagnostics
Keywords
leadless pacing, leadless pacemaker, cardiac resynchronization therapy, Micra, left ventricular endocardial pacing, device complications, device explantation, pacemaker leads
MeSH terms
Endocardium, Equipment Design, Heart Ventricles, Humans, Treatment Outcome, Prostheses and Implants, Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Devices, Cardiac Catheters

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