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Cited by 166Suicide and Self-Harm StudiesEmployment and Welfare StudiesHomicide, Infanticide, and Child Abuse

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 41 of the 43 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Economic shocks, resilience, and male suicides in the Great Recession: cross-national analysis of 20 EU countries

Reeves, Aaron, McKee, Martin, Gunnell, David, Chang, Shu-Sen, Basu, Sanjay, Barr, Benjamin, Stuckler, David·2015·European Journal of Public Health
DOI 10.1093/eurpub/cku168
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Abstract

BACKGROUND: During the 2007-11 recessions in Europe, suicide increases were concentrated in men. Substantial differences across countries and over time remain unexplained. We investigated whether increases in unaffordable housing, household indebtedness or job loss can account for these population differences, as well as potential mitigating effects of alternative forms of social protection. METHODS: Multivariate statistical models were used to evaluate changes in suicide rates in 20 EU countries from 1981-2011. Models adjusted for pre-existing time trends and country-fixed effects. Interaction terms were used to evaluate modifying effects. RESULTS: Changes in levels of unaffordable housing had no effect on suicide rates (P = 0.32); in contrast, male suicide increases were significantly associated with each percentage point rise in male unemployment, by 0.94% (95% CI: 0.51-1.36%), and indebtedness, by 0.54% (95% CI: 0.02-1.06%). Spending on active labour market programmes (ALMP) (-0.26%, 95% CI: -0.08 to -0.45%) and high levels of social capital (-0.048%, 95% CI: -0.0096 to -0.087) moderated the unemployment-suicide association. There was no interaction of the volume of anti-depressant prescriptions (P = 0.51), monetary benefits to unemployed persons (P = 0.77) or total social protection spending per capita (P = 0.37). Active labour market programmes and social capital were estimated to have prevented ∼ 540 and ∼ 210 male suicides, respectively, arising from unemployment in the countries studied. CONCLUSION: Job losses were a critical determinant of variations in male suicide risks in Europe's recessions. Greater spending on ALMP and levels of social capital appeared to mitigate suicide risks.

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Crossref · 10.1093/eurpub/cku168

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  1. OECD, 2013, Health data: pharmaceutical market

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Metadata

Authors
Reeves, A., McKee, M., Gunnell, D., Chang, S.-S., Basu, S., Barr, B., & Stuckler, D.
Affiliations
  • University of Oxford (GB)
  • London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (GB)
  • University of Bristol (GB)
ORCID
Venue
European Journal of Public Health
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published
2014-10-06
Volume
25
Issue
3
Pages
404-409
ISSN
  • 1101-1262 (ISSN-L)
  • 1464-360X
DOI
10.1093/eurpub/cku168
OpenAlex
W2108349167
Cited by
166
References
43
Citations by year
2026: 8 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 43 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 16
FWCI
18.08
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • European Journal of Public Health (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Bristol Research (University of Bristol) (publishedVersion)
  • Archivio istituzionale della Ricerca - Bocconi (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • Wellcome Trust (100709)
  • National Institute for Health and Care Research (DRF-2009-02-12, NF-SI-0512-10068)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Employment and Welfare Studies
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Homicide, Infanticide, and Child Abuse
Keywords
male suicide, Great Recession, unemployment, household debt, job loss, economic shocks, active labour market programmes, social capital, social protection, antidepressant prescribing, suicide prevention, EU member states
MeSH terms
Adult, Europe, European Union, Humans, Male, Men, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Suicide, Unemployment, Resilience, Psychological, Economic Recession

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