Choosing not to immunize: are parents making informed decisions?
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Childhood immunization is an important aspect of childhood preventive health, world wide, with programmes such as the Expanded Programme on Immunization organized by the World Health Organization. Unlike other countries, the immunization programme is not compulsory in the UK, and the decision whether to immunize a child or not is parental. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to explore the decision-making process of parents who have chosen not to have their children immunized. METHODS: This was a qualitative study, using semi-structured interviews with parents either in their own homes or at their places of work. The study was set in an inner city area with a high level of deprivation. The district immunization co-ordinator and health visitors within the area referred parents to the researcher. Parents subsequently were selected using purposive maximum variation sampling. Data were analysed using consistent and systematic review. An initial coding frame that was derived from the first few transcripts was revised and developed through its application to subsequent transcripts. The final stage of analysis involved comparing the data using the revised coding frame for drawing conclusions and verification. RESULTS: Interviews were completed with 13 parents. Parents discussed their perceptions of childhood diseases and immunization, and the risk-benefit analysis that occurred between the two. All parents identified the risk of side effects as a reason for choosing not to immunize. A proposed model of the decision-making process that represented the experiences of the parents in this study is presented. In response to the question of immunization, three actions were described by parents: a routine response, an emotional response and delaying the decision by entering a questioning stage followed by a cyclical process of seeking and evaluating information. Key to this model was a stage of reflection that most parents described irrespective of their initial action in response to the question of immunization. Parents also discussed their responsibilities in terms of the consequences of their decisions. Health professionals were perceived as providing unbalanced information that was an obstacle in decision making. CONCLUSION: The parents included in this study had chosen not to immunize at least one of their children. Most parents felt they had made an informed decision, based on an assessment of the risks and benefits of immunization and an acceptance of responsibility for that decision. Health professionals were not perceived as providers of balanced information. It is therefore important that parents have easy access to accurate information concerning the pros and cons of treatment, and have the opportunity to discuss their concerns with health professionals.
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Perceived dangers play an important role in parental decisions to have their children vaccinated.
“Further, research suggests that perceived dangers play an important role in parental decisions to have their children vaccinated [29].”
From The Effects of Anti-Vaccine Conspiracy Theories on Vaccination Intentions (2014) · cites this paper as [29]
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- Authors
- Sporton, R. K., & Francis, S.-A.
- Affiliations
- Lister Hospital (GB)
- University of London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Sporton, R. K
- ORCID
- Francis, S.-A.
- Venue
- Family Practice
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2001-04-01
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 181-188
- ISSN
- 0263-2136 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2229
- OpenAlex
- W2001236237
- Cited by
- 101
- References
- 9
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 5.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Family Practice (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Ethics and Legal Issues in Pediatric Healthcare
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Risk Perception and Management
- Keywords
- childhood immunization, vaccine refusal, informed decision-making, parental decision-making, risk-benefit assessment, vaccine side effects, health professional information, parental responsibility, health information access, inner-city deprivation
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Child, Child, Preschool, Decision Making, Evaluation Studies as Topic, Female, Humans, Immunization, Male, Middle Aged, Parents
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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