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Genome-wide transcriptional regulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae in response to carbon dioxide
Open accessAbstract
Sugar metabolism by Saccharomyces cerevisiae produces ample amounts of CO2 under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. High solubility of CO2 in fermentation media, contributing to enjoyable sensory properties of sparkling wine and beers by S. cerevisiae, might affect yeast metabolism. To elucidate the overlooked effects of CO2 on yeast metabolism, we examined glucose fermentation by S. cerevisiae under CO2 as compared to N2 and O2 limited conditions. While both CO2 and N2 conditions are considered anaerobic, less glycerol and acetate but more ethanol were produced under CO2 condition. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that significantly decreased mRNA levels of GPP1 coding for glycerol-3-phosphate phosphatase in glycerol synthesis explained the reduced glycerol production under CO2 condition. Besides, transcriptional regulations in signal transduction, carbohydrate synthesis, heme synthesis, membrane and cell wall metabolism, and respiration were detected in response to CO2. Interestingly, signal transduction was uniquely regulated under CO2 condition, where upregulated genes (STE3, MSB2, WSC3, STE12, and TEC1) in the signal sensors and transcriptional factors suggested that MAPK signaling pathway plays a critical role in CO2 sensing and CO2-induced metabolisms in yeast. Our study identifies CO2 as an external stimulus for modulating metabolic activities in yeast and a transcriptional effector for diverse applications.
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Carbon dioxide can modulate the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway genes, reducing glycerol and acetic acid production while increasing ethanol production.
“carbon dioxide can modulate the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway genes, reducing glycerol and acetic acid production while increasing ethanol production.”
From The Metabolic Pathways of Yeast and Acetic Acid Bacteria During Fruit Vinegar Fermentation and Their Influence on Flavor Development (2025) · cites this paper as [47]
Carbon dioxide enhances the expression of high-affinity glucose transporter genes (HXT6 and HXT7), promoting glucose uptake in yeast.
“Additionally, carbon dioxide enhances the expression of high-affinity glucose transporter genes (HXT6 and HXT7), promoting glucose uptake in yeast (Figure 3) [47].”
From The Metabolic Pathways of Yeast and Acetic Acid Bacteria During Fruit Vinegar Fermentation and Their Influence on Flavor Development (2025) · cites this paper as [47]
Carbon dioxide promotes the up-regulation of glycogen and trehalose synthesis-related genes (GSY1, GSY2, GPH1, UGP1, GLC3, GDB1, TSL1, and TPS2), leading to increased carbohydrate synthesis and enhanced adaptability to environmental stresses.
“It promotes the up-regulation of glycogen and trehalose synthesis-related genes (GSY1, GSY2, GPH1, UGP1, GLC3, GDB1, TSL1, and TPS2), leading to increased carbohydrate synthesis and enhanced adaptability to environmental stresses.”
From The Metabolic Pathways of Yeast and Acetic Acid Bacteria During Fruit Vinegar Fermentation and Their Influence on Flavor Development (2025) · cites this paper as [47]
Carbon dioxide is a by-product of yeast fermentation and an important signaling molecule that regulates yeast metabolism and stress responses.
“Carbon dioxide is not only a by-product of yeast fermentation but also an important signaling molecule that regulates yeast metabolism and stress responses.”
From The Metabolic Pathways of Yeast and Acetic Acid Bacteria During Fruit Vinegar Fermentation and Their Influence on Flavor Development (2025) · cites this paper as [47]
Citations
Cites
Regulation of Ergosterol Biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Jordá, T., & Puig, S. (2020) · Genes · doi:10.3390/genes11070795 · Cited by 489
Abramova, N., Sertil, O., Mehta, S., & Lowry, C. V. (2001) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.183.9.2881-2887.2001 · Cited by 157
CO2 Acts as a Signalling Molecule in Populations of the Fungal Pathogen Candida albicans
Hall, R. A., De Sordi, L., MacCallum, D. M., Topal, H., Eaton, R., Bloor, J. W., Robinson, G. K., Levin, L. R., Buck, J., Wang, Y., et al. (2010) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1001193 · Cited by 126
Pentland, D. R., Davis, J., Mühlschlegel, F. A., & Gourlay, C. W. (2021) · npj Biofilms and Microbiomes · doi:10.1038/s41522-021-00238-z · Cited by 28
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Ge, Y., Wu, Y., Aihaiti, A., Wang, L., Wang, Y., Xing, J., Zhu, M., & Hong, J. (2025) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms13030477 · Cited by 49
Metadata
- Authors
- Tan, L.-R., Liu, J.-J., Deewan, A., Lee, J. W., Xia, P.-F., Rao, C. V., Jin, Y.-S., & Wang, S.-G.
- Affiliations
- Shandong University (CN)
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, IL 61801, United States
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University , Qingdao 266237, P. R. China
- Corresponding author
- Jin, Yong-Su
- Venue
- FEMS Yeast Research
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2022
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 1
- ISSN
- 1567-1356 (ISSN-L)
- 1567-1364
- OpenAlex
- W4282934679
- Cited by
- 4
- References
- 4
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1
- FWCI
- 0.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model (vor)
- Locations
- FEMS Yeast Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Energy (DESC0018420)
- Office of Science (DESC0018420)
- Biological and Environmental Research (DE‐SC0018420)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Fungal and yeast genetics research
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Fermentation and Sensory Analysis
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Microbial Metabolic Engineering and Bioproduction
- Keywords
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae, carbon dioxide, glucose fermentation, transcriptional regulation, glycerol production, MAPK signaling, signal transduction, ethanol production, acetate production, carbon dioxide detection, yeast metabolism
- MeSH terms
- Carbon Dioxide, Fermentation, Glycerol, Membrane Proteins, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Wine, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins, Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
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