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Cited by 7Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth FactorsChromosomal and Genetic VariationsDevelopmental Biology and Gene Regulation

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Evolution of the Growth Hormone Gene Duplication in Passerine Birds

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Rasband, Shauna A, Bolton, Peri E, Fang, Qi, Johnson, Philip L F, Braun, Michael J·2023·Genome Biology and Evolution
DOI 10.1093/gbe/evad033PMC PMC10016047

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Abstract

Birds of the order Passeriformes represent the most speciose order of land vertebrates. Despite strong scientific interest in this super-radiation, genetic traits unique to passerines are not well characterized. A duplicate copy of growth hormone (GH) is the only gene known to be present in all major lineages of passerines, but not in other birds. GH genes plausibly influence extreme life history traits that passerines exhibit, including the shortest embryo-to-fledging developmental period of any avian order. To unravel the implications of this GH duplication, we investigated the molecular evolution of the ancestral avian GH gene (GH or GH1) and the novel passerine GH paralog (GH2), using 497 gene sequences extracted from 342 genomes. Passerine GH1 and GH2 are reciprocally monophyletic, consistent with a single duplication event from a microchromosome onto a macrochromosome in a common ancestor of extant passerines. Additional chromosomal rearrangements have changed the syntenic and potential regulatory context of these genes. Both passerine GH1 and GH2 display substantially higher rates of nonsynonymous codon change than non-passerine avian GH, suggesting positive selection following duplication. A site involved in signal peptide cleavage is under selection in both paralogs. Other sites under positive selection differ between the two paralogs, but many are clustered in one region of a 3D model of the protein. Both paralogs retain key functional features and are actively but differentially expressed in two major passerine suborders. These phenomena suggest that GH genes may be evolving novel adaptive roles in passerine birds.

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Metadata

Authors
Rasband, S. A., Bolton, P. E., Fang, Q., Johnson, P. L. F., & Braun, M. J.
Affiliations
  • Smithsonian Institution (US)
  • BGI Group (China) (CN)
  • University of Maryland, College Park (US)
Corresponding author
  • Rasband, Shauna A
  • Braun, Michael J
ORCID
Venue
Genome Biology and Evolution
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published
2023-02-27
Volume
15
Issue
3
ISSN
1759-6653 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1093/gbe/evad033
PMC
PMC10016047
OpenAlex
W4322496326
Cited by
7
References
2
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1
FWCI
1.22
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Genome Biology and Evolution (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Chromosomal and Genetic Variations
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
Keywords
growth hormone, gene duplication, Passeriformes, growth hormone gene, paralogs, chromosomal rearrangements, positive selection, signal peptide cleavage, life history, avian genome evolution, gene expression
MeSH terms
Animals, Phylogeny, Growth Hormone, Evolution, Molecular, Gene Duplication, Passeriformes

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