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Hearing Impairment and Incident Dementia and Cognitive Decline in Older Adults: The Health ABC Study

Open access
Deal, Jennifer A., Betz, Josh, Yaffe, Kristine, Harris, Tamara, Purchase-Helzner, Elizabeth, Satterfield, Suzanne, Pratt, Sheila, Govil, Nandini, Simonsick, Eleanor M., Lin, Frank R., for the Health ABC Study Group·2016·The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Age-related peripheral hearing impairment (HI) is prevalent, treatable, and may be a risk factor for dementia in older adults. In prospective analysis, we quantified the association of HI with incident dementia and with domain-specific cognitive decline in memory, perceptual speed, and processing speed. METHODS: Data were from the Health, Aging and Body Composition (Health ABC) study, a biracial cohort of well-functioning adults aged 70-79 years. Dementia was defined using a prespecified algorithm incorporating medication use, hospital records, and neurocognitive test scores. A pure-tone average in decibels hearing level (dBHL) was calculated in the better hearing ear using thresholds from 0.5 to 4kHz, and HI was defined as normal hearing (≤25 dBHL), mild (26-40 dBHL), and moderate/severe (>40 dBHL). Associations between HI and incident dementia and between HI and cognitive change were modeled using Cox proportional hazards models and linear mixed models, respectively. RESULTS: Three-hundred eighty seven (20%) participants had moderate/severe HI, and 716 (38%) had mild HI. After adjustment for demographic and cardiovascular factors, moderate/severe audiometric HI (vs. normal hearing) was associated with increased risk of incident dementia over 9 years (hazard ratio: 1.55, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.10, 2.19). Other than poorer baseline memory performance (difference of -0.24 SDs, 95% CI: -0.44, -0.04), no associations were observed between HI and rates of domain-specific cognitive change during 7 years of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: HI is associated with increased risk of developing dementia in older adults. Randomized trials are needed to determine whether treatment of hearing loss could postpone dementia onset in older adults.

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Metadata

Authors
Deal, J. A., Betz, J., Yaffe, K., Harris, T., Purchase-Helzner, E., Satterfield, S., Pratt, S., Govil, N., Simonsick, E. M., Lin, F. R., & for the Health ABC Study Group
Venue
The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences
Published
2016-04-12
Volume
72
Issue
5
Pages
glw069
ISSN
  • 1079-5006 (ISSN-L)
  • 1758-535X
OpenAlex
W2340007753
Cited by
511
References
4
FWCI
22.92
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
bronze

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Hearing Impairment and Incident Dementia and Cognitive Decline in Older Adults: The Health ABC Study. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1093/gerona/glw069
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Deal, J. A., Betz, J., Yaffe, K., Harris, T., Purchase-Helzner, E., Satterfield, S., Pratt, S., Govil, N., Simonsick, E. M., Lin, F. R., & for the Health ABC Study Group. (2016). Hearing Impairment and Incident Dementia and Cognitive Decline in Older Adults: The Health ABC Study. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glw069

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