Differentials in Active Life Expectancy in the Older Population of the United States
Abstract
This study clarifies the process by which mortality and disability interact to determine differences in active life expectancy by age, sex, race, and education for the U.S. population 70 years of age and over. The analysis is performed using data from the Longitudinal Study of Aging and multistate life tables constructed using the results of hazard models. Women spend more years than men both active and inactive at every age; however, the proportion of life that is expected to be active is smaller for women. These differences are largely due to mortality differences favoring women. Persons with less than a high school education have shorter total and active life expectancies but similar expected lengths of inactive life compared to those with more than a high school education. There are no significant race differences in total life expectancy for race-education groups of the older population; but Blacks have lower expected active life than non-Blacks because of worse functioning.
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When examined at the same age range, later born cohorts are typically cognitively and physically fitter than earlier born cohorts.
“evidence of mean-level differences in cognition and health suggests that, when examined at the same age range, later born cohorts are typically cognitively and physically fitter than earlier born cohorts”
From Cohort differences in cognitive aging and terminal decline in the Seattle Longitudinal Study. (2011) · cites this paper as Crimmins, Hayward, & Saito, 1996
Disability hazards are lower for later born cohorts.
“empirical evidence indicates that disability hazards are indeed lower for later born cohorts”
From Cohort differences in cognitive aging and terminal decline in the Seattle Longitudinal Study. (2011) · cites this paper as Crimmins et al., 1996
Cites
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Seeman, T. E., Crimmins, E., Huang, M.-H., Singer, B., Bucur, A., Gruenewald, T., Berkman, L. F., & Reuben, D. B. (2004) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(03)00402-7 · Cited by 521 · see citing works
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Muscle power of the ankle flexors predicts functional performance in community-dwelling older women.
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- Authors
- Crimmins, E. M., Hayward, M. D., & Saito, Y.
- Affiliations
- University of Southern California (US)
- Pennsylvania State University (US)
- Nihon University (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Crimmins, E. M.
- ORCID
- Crimmins, E. M.
- Venue
- The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1996-05-01
- Volume
- 51B
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- S111-S120
- ISSN
- 1079-5014 (ISSN-L)
- 1758-5368
- OpenAlex
- W2074202553
- Cited by
- 248
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2023: 3 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 26.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journals of Gerontology Series B (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Agence Nationale pour le Développement de la Recherche Universitaire
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG011758, R01AG011235)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Demography › Insurance, Mortality, Demography, Risk Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Aging, Health, and Disability
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Keywords
- active life expectancy, older adults, sex differences, racial differences, educational attainment, disability, mortality, multistate life tables, Longitudinal Study of Aging, women's health, Black older adults
- MeSH terms
- Age Factors, Aged, Educational Status, Female, Persons with Disabilities, Humans, Life Expectancy, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Mortality, Quality of Life, Retrospective Studies, Sex Factors, Socioeconomic Factors, United States, Racial Groups
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