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Cited by 118Aging and Gerontology ResearchHealth disparities and outcomesAging, Health, and Disability

Exploring Race Variations in Aging and Personal Control

Shaw, B. A., Krause, N.·2001·The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences
DOI 10.1093/geronb/56.2.s119
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Abstract

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is twofold: (a) to see whether the association between age and perceived control is the same for Blacks as well as Whites; and (b) to see if education, health, income, social support, cognitive function, and religion account for the relationship between age and control in the same way for Blacks and Whites. METHODS: Data for this study come from the first wave of the Americans' Changing Lives panel study. Complete data are available for 357 Black and 2,792 White individuals. Respondents were asked questions about their feelings of control, health status, income, social support, cognitive function, religious participation, and demographic information. RESULTS: The findings suggest that age has an inverse and nonlinear association with feelings of control. Moreover, this relationship is similar for Blacks and Whites. The data further reveal that, across all age groups, Blacks report a lower sense of control than Whites. Less education, less income, greater cognitive impairments, and more religiosity are associated with a lower sense of control. These factors, along with health and social support, account for 69% of the association between age and control, with no differences according to race. DISCUSSION: These results show that lower levels of control are associated with older age in both Blacks and Whites, and that racial disparities in feelings of control persist across all age groups. This suggests that Blacks may be at a particular disadvantage in the face of the increasing challenges of aging.

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  • Of the nine best studies on R/S and sense of control, four (44%) reported significant positive relationships, three (33%) reported significant negative relationships, and two reported mixed results.

    “Of the nine best studies, four reported significant positive relationships (44%) [101–104] and three report significant negative relationships (33%) [105–107], whereas the two remaining studies reported complex or mixed results (significant positive and negative associations, depending on R/S characteristic).”

    From Religion, Spirituality, and Health: The Research and Clinical Implications (2012) · cites this paper as [101]

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Authors
Shaw, B. A., & Krause, N.
Affiliations
University of Michigan (US)
Corresponding author
Shaw, B. A.
ORCID
Venue
The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published
2001-03-01
Volume
56
Issue
2
Pages
S119-S124
ISSN
  • 1079-5014 (ISSN-L)
  • 1758-5368
DOI
10.1093/geronb/56.2.s119
OpenAlex
W2123626923
Cited by
118
References
26
Citations by year
2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 7
FWCI
6.10
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • The Journals of Gerontology Series B (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
National Institute on Aging (T32-AG00134, R01AG009221, R01 AG 09221, T32AG000134)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Aging and Gerontology Research
  • Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Aging, Health, and Disability
Keywords
perceived personal control, aging, racial disparities, black-white disparities, older adults, income, social support, cognitive impairment, religiosity, health status
MeSH terms
Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Black or African American, Female, Humans, Internal-External Control, Male, Middle Aged, White People

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