The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A Comprehensive Strategy for Developing Closed-Ended Survey Items for Use in Studies of Older Adults
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to describe the development and implementation of a nine-step strategy for devising closed-ended survey questions that assess religion in late life. The intent was to illustrate one way in which qualitative and quantitative methods could be combined in the same study. METHODS: The following methods and procedures were developed to create closed-ended questions: Focus groups, in-depth interviews, input from ongoing quantitative studies, input from an expert panel, cognitive interviews, a quantitative pretest, a nationwide random probability sample of elderly people, and rigorous empirical psychometric testing. Three hundred ninety-nine older people took part in the first seven steps, and 1,500 elders participated in the nationwide survey. RESULTS: Approximately 175 closed-ended survey items were developed assessing 14 different major dimensions of religion. In the process, practical solutions to a number of problems encountered in implementing the nine-step strategy are discussed. DISCUSSION: The item development strategy may serve as a template that can be used to improve the quality of closed-ended survey items that assess a wide range of topics in social gerontology.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Madill, A., Jordan, A., & Shirley, C. (2000) · British Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1348/000712600161646 · Cited by 1,105
Cited by
Church-Based Social Support and Health in Old Age: Exploring Variations by Race
Krause, N. (2002) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences · doi:10.1093/geronb/57.6.s332 · Cited by 469
Self-citationReligious Meaning and Subjective Well-Being in Late Life
Krause, N. (2003) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences · doi:10.1093/geronb/58.3.s160 · Cited by 448
Self-citationForgiveness by God, Forgiveness of Others, and Psychological Well–Being in Late Life
Krause, N., & Ellison, C. G. (2003) · Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion · doi:10.1111/1468-5906.00162 · Cited by 299
Self-citationKrause, N., & Wulff, K. M. (2005) · The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion · doi:10.1207/s15327582ijpr1501_6 · Cited by 170
Self-citationKrause, N. (2004) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences · doi:10.1093/geronb/59.2.s109 · Cited by 164
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Krause, N.
- Venue
- The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2002-09-01
- Volume
- 57
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- S263-S274
- ISSN
- 1079-5014 (ISSN-L)
- 1758-5368
- OpenAlex
- W2164880556
- Cited by
- 272
- References
- 1
- FWCI
- 23.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: A Comprehensive Strategy for Developing Closed-Ended Survey Items for Use in Studies of Older Adults. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1093/geronb/57.5.s263
- The paper
- Krause, N. (2002). A Comprehensive Strategy for Developing Closed-Ended Survey Items for Use in Studies of Older Adults. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/57.5.s263
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.