The DOI matches its Crossref record; 73 of the 73 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 1 of the 49 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Self, Society, and the "New Gerontology"
Abstract
The "new gerontology," built on the concept of successful aging, sets forth the preconditions for and the end product of the process of aging successfully. Focused on health and active participation in life, it vests largely within individuals the power to achieve this normatively desirable state. While acknowledging the contributions of the scientific base for Rowe and Kahn's successful aging model, we emphasize the need for a more careful examination of the model itself. Using critical gerontology as a primary filter, we critique this normative vision by focusing on its unarticulated (and perhaps unexplored) values, assumptions, and consequences. We argue that these unexamined features may further harm older people, particularly older women, the poor, and people of color who are already marginalized. We conclude by suggesting forms of resistance to this univocal standard.
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Claims the paper makes
1 of 49 cited sources checked · 0 supported · 0 flagged · accuracy not yet measured
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“The new gerontology can render invisible important adaptive and other actions that allow people to cope with change (see Baltes & Carstensen, 1996).”
§ Self, Society, and the ''New Gerontology'' > Devaluing of Women's Roles and Acts of Resistance
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Baltes & Carstensen, 1996 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Summary and conclusions says a process-oriented approach reveals that behaviours which appear maladaptive can be adaptive once their function is examined. It contrasts this with approaches focused on prescribed outcomes and normative standards. The paper supports the concern about overlooking adaptive actions, but directs its criticism at outcome-focused approaches, not at the “new gerontology” as a whole; page numbers were unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Partly supported
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In contrast, the new gerontology adopts a prevention model-modify individual behaviors throughout your life and so avoid these decrements and losses.”
§ Self, Society, and the ''New Gerontology'' > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIn the paper
“this approach '''turns on its head' the more traditional research paradigm in which the outside researcher largely determines the questions asked, the tools employed, the interventions developed, and the kinds of results documented and valued''”
§ Self, Society, and the ''New Gerontology'' > A Critical Conceptual Framework
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Minkler & Wallerstein, 2003
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the instrumental or preconditions for successful aging have become transformed, as the aforementioned quote suggests, into the concept itself.”
§ Self, Society, and the ''New Gerontology'' > Successful Aging and the New Gerontology
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We argue that these unexamined features may further harm older people, particularly older women, the poor, and people of color who are already marginalized.”
§ Self, Society, and the ''New Gerontology'' > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes? Based: unclear- Rests on an assumption: Older women, poor people, and people of color are already marginalized.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In a few short years, this model has become a central theoretical paradigm within the fields of geriatrics and gerontology.”
§ Self, Society, and the ''New Gerontology'' > Successful Aging and the New Gerontology
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesNone of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“This critical perspective recognizes that, to understand the problems of old age, we must also understand the effects of gender, class, and race analyses”
§ Self, Society, and the ''New Gerontology'' > A Critical Conceptual Framework
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Calasanti & Slevin, 2001 source
- Not matchedcites Cruikshank, 2003
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIn the paper
“Without this foundation present, the ability to age successfully, as defined by Rowe and Kahn, is dependent on chance and social location.”
§ Self, Society, and the ''New Gerontology'' > A Critical Conceptual Framework
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Nussbaum, 1999
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Similarly, for men who have held low-wage and often demeaning jobs, the pressures to conform to the bodily images and health standards upheld by the new gerontology are yet another form of oppression unnoticed by the more privileged.”
§ Self, Society, and the ''New Gerontology'' > A Critical Conceptual Framework
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Norms matter because we are situated selves, embedded in society and culture and resonating with what is valued in the environment.”
- Also stated in: § Applying These Perspectives to the New Gerontology · hedged
“Although resistance is possible, indeed probable, as situated selves, we can rarely ignore cultural norms in the construction of a self.”
§ Self, Society, and the ''New Gerontology'' > Applying These Perspectives to the New Gerontology
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- Probably not a substantial claim. 43
- It may state two separate claims as one. 30
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Labeling the pathways to better health in old age as successful aging is too great a leap from a critical perspective.”
§ Self, Society, and the ''New Gerontology'' > A Critical Conceptual Framework
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The new gerontology offers another measurable variable to define success, another source of praiseworthy behavior that has currency in a competitive society.”
§ Self, Society, and the ''New Gerontology'' > Applying These Perspectives to the New Gerontology
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: Success is a valued attribute in American society.
In the paper
“The ''new gerontology,'' built on the concept of successful aging, sets forth the preconditions for and the end product of the process of aging successfully.”
§ Self, Society, and the ''New Gerontology'' > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Rowe & Kahn, 1997, 1998
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Focused on health and active participation in life, it vests largely within individuals the power to achieve this normatively desirable state.”
§ Self, Society, and the ''New Gerontology'' > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Rowe & Kahn, 1997, 1998
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Mediating between individuals and their environment, the self is a ''biographically anchored and reflexive project,'' realized in conversations with others and oneself (Dannefer, 2000, p. 272).”
§ Self, Society, and the ''New Gerontology'' > Applying These Perspectives to the New Gerontology
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Dannefer, 2000
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
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In the paper
“It is the combination [emphasis in the original] of all three-avoidance of disease and disability, maintenance of cognitive and physical function and sustained engagement with life-that represents the concept of successful aging most fully [italics added].(p.39)”
§ Self, Society, and the ''New Gerontology'' > Successful Aging and the New Gerontology
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Rowe & Kahn, 1998
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Despite its many strengths and contributions, however, the successful aging model and its attendant publicity are problematic.”
§ Self, Society, and the ''New Gerontology'' > Successful Aging and the New Gerontology
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This stance affirms normative value commitments, offering ways to think about-and judge-our choices (now and in the past), actions, and their results.”
§ Self, Society, and the ''New Gerontology'' > Applying These Perspectives to the New Gerontology
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“To date, alternative perspectives tend to be ghettoized while the dominant culture accepts as the desired norm the tanned, vigorous couple who are bicycle riding on gently rolling hills and dining in the warm glow of candles.”
§ Self, Society, and the ''New Gerontology'' > Applying These Perspectives to the New Gerontology
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The dominant culture accepts the tanned, vigorous, bicycle-riding couple as the desired norm.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Understood as an objective, scientific discourse, the new gerontology upholds a certain status, defined primarily in terms of health, and labels those who exemplify these standards as aging successfully.”
§ Self, Society, and the ''New Gerontology'' > Applying These Perspectives to the New Gerontology
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“CBPR begins with a topic of importance to a community or group and equitably involves all partners in the research process, including the critical final phase of social action to help bring about change”
§ Self, Society, and the ''New Gerontology'' > A Critical Conceptual Framework
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Israel, Schulz, Parker, & Becker, 1998 source
- Not matchedcites Minkler & Wallerstein, 2003
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“They further suggested that these three components are hierarchically ordered:”
- Also stated in: § Successful Aging and the New Gerontology · plain
“The absence of disease and disability makes it easier to maintain mental and physical function.And maintenance of mental and physical function in turn enables (but does not guarantee) active engagement with life.”
§ Self, Society, and the ''New Gerontology'' > Successful Aging and the New Gerontology
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Rowe & Kahn, 1998
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Successful Aging and the New Gerontology · plain
In the paper
“Cultural images, representations, symbols, and metaphors are important means to withhold or to express social recognition; they offer the cultural imagery from which we construct identities (Mackenzie, 2000).”
§ Self, Society, and the ''New Gerontology'' > Applying These Perspectives to the New Gerontology
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Mackenzie, 2000
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Rowe and Kahn (1998) argued that three conditions or characteristics are necessary preconditions for successful aging: (a) the avoidance of disease and disability; (b) the maintenance of high physical and cognitive functional capacity; and (c) ''active engagement in life.''”
§ Self, Society, and the ''New Gerontology'' > Successful Aging and the New Gerontology
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Rowe & Kahn, 1998
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“While the new gerontology acknowledges that we cannot be solely responsible for how we age, it then sets aside the many factors that intimately interact with our individual biographies, the core subject with which it is concerned.”
§ Self, Society, and the ''New Gerontology'' > A Critical Conceptual Framework
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“although well-constructed scientific experiments can provide much needed information about what we must do (if we are able) to have a relatively healthy old age, it cannot tell us what makes that life a good one.”
§ Self, Society, and the ''New Gerontology'' > A Critical Conceptual Framework
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Nor are we able to easily dissent, as individuals, from culture.”
- Also stated in: § Applying These Perspectives to the New Gerontology · plain
“The theologian Rosemary Reuther observed, ''alternate cultures and communities must be built up to support the dissenting consciousness''”
§ Self, Society, and the ''New Gerontology'' > Applying These Perspectives to the New Gerontology
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Heilbrun, 1999
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Mairs, 1994
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Applying These Perspectives to the New Gerontology · plain
In the paper
“Making autonomous choices requires a wide range of experiences and knowledge and the ability to put these resources to work.”
§ Self, Society, and the ''New Gerontology'' > A Critical Conceptual Framework
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Meyers, 1989
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A gender analysis would thus take issue with blaming language and the meanings embedded within it; it would have us critically examine the new gerontology's tendency to put further demands on older women without taking their biography or context sufficiently into account.”
§ Self, Society, and the ''New Gerontology'' > A Critical Conceptual Framework
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“At the same time, and precisely through its failure to take into account the unacknowledged role of broader sociostructural and environmental forces, this viewpoint transforms the particular into the universal and absolves social and political institutions of their responsibilities for the health and wellbeing of residents.”
§ Self, Society, and the ''New Gerontology'' > Conclusion
Tests✓ Asserted: passes? Checkable: unclear✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“As Blaikie (1999) has argued, the ''constant quest for youth, in stigmatizing [sic] the old and sick, casts off these people as human failures'' (p.109).”
§ Self, Society, and the ''New Gerontology'' > The ''Problems'' of Feasibility and Disability
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Blaikie, 1999
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Health, as a normative standard, calls for certain virtues-diligence, caution, and perhaps a touch of solipsism.”
§ Self, Society, and the ''New Gerontology'' > Applying These Perspectives to the New Gerontology
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“A major contribution of Rowe and Kahn's paradigm lay in its message that many of the losses associated with ''usual aging'' are not ''normal'' aspects of aging at all but are caused primarily by extrinsic factors, such as poor diet and lack of exercise, and therefore are subject to alteration.”
§ Self, Society, and the ''New Gerontology'' > The ''Problems'' of Feasibility and Disability
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As suggested earlier, the MacArthur Foundation Study of Successful Aging led by Rowe and Kahn made a critical contribution in helping to provide a strong empirical base for the utility of a variety of health-promoting practices and behaviors throughout life and in old age.”
§ Self, Society, and the ''New Gerontology'' > Conclusion
Strength:boosted· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“By suggesting that the great majority of those elders in wheelchairs could indeed have been on cross-country skis had they but made the right choices and practiced the right behaviors can burden rather than liberate older people.”
§ Self, Society, and the ''New Gerontology'' > Conclusion
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
In the paper
“Ruth Ray (1999) suggested transgressive storytelling that encourages women to move beyond the circumscribed narrative conventions that tell them what their stories ought to be about.Women, through these stories, can redefine problems, elevate new problems, or include previously excluded forms of knowing.”
§ Self, Society, and the ''New Gerontology'' > Boundary Crossing
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Ray, 1999 source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“If the ideal is not practically feasible for all, or even most, people-even with the best intentions-then it serves to further privilege the already privileged, a danger that a feminist perspective identifies.”
§ Self, Society, and the ''New Gerontology'' > The ''Problems'' of Feasibility and Disability
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: Contextual features shape the conditions of possibility for individuals and determine how they choose what to value.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“if how we live determines how we age, and if how we live is shaped by many factors beyond individual choice, then success is far harder to come by for some than for others.”
§ Self, Society, and the ''New Gerontology'' > Applying These Perspectives to the New Gerontology
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A critical perspective does not end with study.It is committed to remedying the underlying conditions that place certain people at the margins.”
§ Self, Society, and the ''New Gerontology'' > Boundary Crossing
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The use of the term ''successful,'' however, shifts that intention to help people stay as well as possible to something much larger.”
§ Self, Society, and the ''New Gerontology'' > Applying These Perspectives to the New Gerontology
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the policy arena, the notion that health and wellbeing in old age are largely in the hands of individuals can do further damage.”
§ Self, Society, and the ''New Gerontology'' > Potential Problems for Policy
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, normative terms such as successful aging are not neutral; they are laden with comparative, either-or, hierarchically ordered dimensions.”
§ Self, Society, and the ''New Gerontology'' > Applying These Perspectives to the New Gerontology
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This exaggerated emphasis on the degree to which we can control the body contributes to and denies older people with functional limitations, most of whom are women, the dignity of their struggle to accept what they cannot change.”
§ Self, Society, and the ''New Gerontology'' > The ''Problems'' of Feasibility and Disability
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“When the tasks essential to aging successfully are vested in the individual aging person, the young and the middle-aged hear about these splendid people who have aged so well and wonder why all the fuss about old age in America.”
§ Self, Society, and the ''New Gerontology'' > Potential Problems for Policy
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These features that mark many a woman's moral life neither gain approbation from the wider society nor give her the leisure to tend to the specifics of health maintenance that contribute to successful aging by the criterion that Rowe and Kahn set forth.”
§ Self, Society, and the ''New Gerontology'' > Devaluing of Women's Roles and Acts of Resistance
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: Older women experience a greater burden of chronic illness and functional limitations and far higher poverty rates, and societal norms assign higher value to physical appearance and youthful attractiveness among women.
- Rests on an assumption: Many women have lived by the norms of their own more intimate society, being responsible for others and attending to the everyday business of life.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Ironically, we are successfully old when we conform to society's needs; placing responsibility on the individual mitigates demands on social resources across our lives.”
§ Self, Society, and the ''New Gerontology'' > Potential Problems for Policy
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The tyranny of youth-preserving technologies and lifestyles that demand more and more time and money hinders a respectful attitude toward old age.”
§ Self, Society, and the ''New Gerontology'' > Conclusion
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Unfortunately, too many people-most often the already marginalized-come up on the wrong side of the hierarchy and the either-or divide.”
§ Self, Society, and the ''New Gerontology'' > Applying These Perspectives to the New Gerontology
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Rests on an assumption: Older women, poor people, and people of color are already marginalized.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“What was initially affirmed as the preconditions for effective functioning in old agethe foundation on which many varieties of life choices may flourish-in an almost imperceptible move became the concept of successful aging.The foundation became the entirety.”
§ Self, Society, and the ''New Gerontology'' > Applying These Perspectives to the New Gerontology
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Nevertheless, the equation of good health with successful aging (and by extension, disability and poor health with failure) together with the simplistic popularization of these proscriptive views in the mass and popular culture fail to honor the many ways in which individuals face the physiological, emotional, or contextual changes that accompany aging.”
§ Self, Society, and the ''New Gerontology'' > Conclusion
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The mass and popular culture simplistically popularize proscriptive views of successful aging.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It offers continuity, but old age is also importantly about transformation as we learn to accept what we cannot change, rage when we must, and adopt new ways of life as needed.”
§ Self, Society, and the ''New Gerontology'' > Conclusion
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Exceptionalism-''I made it, why can't you''-is, in our minds, a failing strategy.It does nothing to eliminate larger patterns of oppression, in which certain individuals and groups lack the advantages privileged groups possess by virtue of their social location (Calasanti, 1996).”
§ Self, Society, and the ''New Gerontology'' > Potential Problems for Policy
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Calasanti, 1996 source
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This view omits the natural lottery imposed by genetics, the general contingencies of human life, and the more specific damages (and often strengths) that marginalization and oppression bequeath to many individuals.”
§ Self, Society, and the ''New Gerontology'' > Applying These Perspectives to the New Gerontology
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“At a minimum, it reduces old age to the most basic norms, less than we would accept at other times of our lives.”
§ Self, Society, and the ''New Gerontology'' > Conclusion
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These concepts tell us what is worthwhile (on different levels of our lives) and give us criteria by which to evaluate our lives.”
§ Self, Society, and the ''New Gerontology'' > Applying These Perspectives to the New Gerontology
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Biomedicine, as important as it is, does not see the luminous moments that offer promise despite uncertainty and the proximity of death.Its tools cannot diagnose the mischief the very term ''successful'' can do, particularly in a competitive, youth-driven society.”
§ Self, Society, and the ''New Gerontology'' > Conclusion
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Looking old and suffering from disabling conditions become personal failures, thereby compounding the ''problem'' of aging and contributing to often self-defeating strategies to preserve ''youthfulness'' and so appear ''not old'' (Calasanti & Slevin, 2001).”
§ Self, Society, and the ''New Gerontology'' > The ''Problems'' of Feasibility and Disability
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Calasanti & Slevin, 2001 source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“By clarifying the moral and political legitimacy of the changes necessary to remedy these conditions, it contributes to the possibilities for change.”
§ Self, Society, and the ''New Gerontology'' > Boundary Crossing
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Such activism would challenge the hegemonic voice of the new gerontology, whose narrow focus on what individuals can do for themselves fails to address the broader social context that inevitably influences how older people experience old age.”
§ Self, Society, and the ''New Gerontology'' > Boundary Crossing
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In this way, it may further diminish policy attention to the need for greater engagement with these issues in a rapidly aging society.”
§ Self, Society, and the ''New Gerontology'' > Potential Problems for Policy
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In an interesting irony, had Rowe and Kahn not labeled their landmark work as ''successful aging,'' it may well have remained what it in essence is-a careful, empirically grounded account of how to help individuals stay as healthy as possible for as long as possible.”
§ Self, Society, and the ''New Gerontology'' > Applying These Perspectives to the New Gerontology
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“When norms consider frailty and disability as reflections of failure, they reinforce ''cultural fears of bodily suffering (and thus of people who are 'old') and [promote] inadequate policy responses'' at the same time that they blame people whose bodies are proverbially ''out of control'' (Kennedy & Minkler, 1999;Morell, 2003;Wendell, 1996).”
§ Self, Society, and the ''New Gerontology'' > The ''Problems'' of Feasibility and Disability
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Kennedy & Minkler, 1999
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Morell, 2003 source
- Not matchedcites Wendell, 1996
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Eating properly, exercising regularly, and not smoking are connected directly to a goal of good health, a goal that, we suspect, most would treasure.”
§ Self, Society, and the ''New Gerontology'' > Applying These Perspectives to the New Gerontology
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“successful aging is dependent upon individual choices and behaviors.It can be attained through individual choice and effort [italics added]'' (Rowe & Kahn, 1998, p. 37).”
§ Self, Society, and the ''New Gerontology'' > The ''Problems'' of Feasibility and Disability
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Rowe & Kahn, 1998
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Such narratives can give license to heterodox perceptions-the ''aha'' phenomenon of seeing a problem differently-that contribute to redefining familiar situations and hence opening the possibilities for action.”
§ Self, Society, and the ''New Gerontology'' > Boundary Crossing
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
The paper relies on this without support.
Older women, poor people, and people of color are already marginalized.
“particularly older women, the poor, and people of color who are already marginalized.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Success is a valued attribute in American society.
“Success, a valued attribute in American society, is generally visible and measurable”
The paper relies on this without support.
The dominant culture accepts the tanned, vigorous, bicycle-riding couple as the desired norm.
“the dominant culture accepts as the desired norm the tanned, vigorous couple who are bicycle riding on gently rolling hills”
The authors state this as an assumption.
Critical and positivistic discourses can inform one another.
“We believe that these discourses can indeed inform one another.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Contextual features shape the conditions of possibility for individuals and determine how they choose what to value.
“These contextual features, at a minimum, shape the conditions of possibility for individuals and determine how they choose what to value.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Older women experience a greater burden of chronic illness and functional limitations and far higher poverty rates, and societal norms assign higher value to physical appearance and youthful attractiveness among women.
“The greater burden of chronic illness and functional limitations they experience and their far higher poverty rates couple with differential societal norms that continue to assign a higher value to physical appearance and ''youthful physical attractiveness'' among women.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Many women have lived by the norms of their own more intimate society, being responsible for others and attending to the everyday business of life.
“However, many women have lived by the norms of their own more intimate society, being responsible for others and attending to the everyday business of life, whether that meant scrubbing floors or caring for a dying parent or a grandchild.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The mass and popular culture simplistically popularize proscriptive views of successful aging.
“together with the simplistic popularization of these proscriptive views in the mass and popular culture”
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One RETHINKING AGING: THE STORY OF MY LIFE
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Seven EXPANDING OUR STORIES: THE MYSTERY OF MEMORY
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Randall, W. L., & McKim, A. E. (2008) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195306873.003.0006
Five READING LIFE: THE INTERPRETING OF TEXISTENCE
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Three STORYING LIFE: THE DEVELOPMENT OF IDENTITY
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Intensive care admissions in older adults: are we moving from ageism to ableism?
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Metadata
- Authors
- Holstein, M. B., & Minkler, M.
- Affiliations
- DePaul University (US)
- University of California, Berkeley (US)
- Corresponding author
- Holstein, M. B.
- ORCID
- Minkler, M.
- Venue
- The Gerontologist
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2003-12-01
- Volume
- 43
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 787-796
- ISSN
- 0016-9013 (ISSN-L)
- 1758-5341
- OpenAlex
- W2114713121
- Cited by
- 503
- References
- 71
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 36 · 2015: 29 · 2014: 34 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 27
- FWCI
- 7.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Gerontologist (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Aging and Gerontology Research
- Social Sciences › Life-span and Life-course Studies › Aging, Elder Care, and Social Issues
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Aging, Health, and Disability
- Keywords
- successful aging, critical gerontology, Rowe and Kahn model, older women, poverty, racial and ethnic minorities, aging
- MeSH terms
- Aging, Geriatrics, Health Promotion, Health Status, Humans, Models, Theoretical, Spirituality
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-09-29, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-09-29 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Cited sources are checked with a language model’s help (gpt-6-sol).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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