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Cited by 128Classical Antiquity StudiesHistorical and Literary StudiesAncient Mediterranean Archaeology and History

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 11 of the 12 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The Most Silent Women of Greece and Rome: Rural Labour and Women's Life in The Ancient World (II)

Scheidel, Walter·1996·Greece and Rome
DOI 10.1093/gr/43.1.1
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Abstract

How can these ideas be linked to the ancient sources? Focusing first of all on women's contribution to arable cultivation and arboriculture, we immediately face the first of many blanks. To the best of my knowledge, we do not have any explicit evidence of ploughing by women in the Greco-Roman world. Only two lines from Hesiod's Works and Days seem to establish a connection between women and ploughing: according to Hesiod, a proper head of a household would need ‘first of all a house, and then a woman and oxen for ploughing – a slave woman, not a wife, to follow the oxen [or: to care for the oxen]’ (405 f.). In the fourth century B.C., however, the second line that specifies the status and the function of the desired woman was apparently not yet part of the received text, since Aristotle could still regard her as a free woman (Pol. 1252a llff). Not until the first century B.C. did Philodemos of Gadara quote and defend the reading that defined Hesiod's woman as a slave labourer. Even so, the wording does not make it clear whether this woman was meant to follow the harnessed oxen, that is, to do the ploughing, or to care for the oxen in the stable.

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Show all 12 references

Research works printed but not linked: 30

  1. Magnes, PCG, V, 630
  2. White, 1985, Arn't la Woman? Female Slaves in the Plantation South, 66
  3. Friedl, 1962, Vasilika, a Village in Modern Greece, 20
  4. 1995, GandR, 42, 216
  5. de Ste, 1981, The Class Struggle in the Ancient Greek World from the Archaic Age 10 the Arab Conquests, 185
  6. 1991, Discovering the Roman Family, 114
  7. Grassl, 1990, Zur Rolle der Frau in antiken Hirtenkulturen, Laverna, 1, 13
  8. Phrynichos, PCG, VII, 412
  9. Saxena, 1987, Women in Forestry, Social Action, 37, 153
  10. Aristoph, PCG, III, 329
  11. Mrozek, 1989, Lohnarbeit im klassischen Altenum, 46
  12. Said, 1987, Sociélés urbaines, sociélés rurales dans l'Asie Mineure et la Syrie hellenistiques et romaines, 151
  13. Bodson, 1986, Les femmes el l'élevage, 38, 5
  14. Schaps, 1979, Economic Rights of Women in Ancient Greece, 18
  15. Hengstl, 1972, Private Arbeilsverhdllnisse freier Personen in den hellenislischen Papyri bis Dioklclian, 40
  16. Hinrichs, 1908, De Operariorum Camilenis Graecis, 15
  17. Scheidel, 1990, Gymnasium, 97, 416
  18. Golden, 1992, EMC, 36, 318
  19. Ember, 1983, American Anthropologist, 85, 297
  20. Precheur-Canonge, 1962, La vie rurale en Afrique romaine d'après les mosaiques, 38
  21. Kron, 1992, Arch. Anzeiger, 636
  22. Kitteringham, 1975, Village Life and Labour, 129
  23. Dunbabin, 1978, The Mosaics of Roman North Africa, 114
  24. Epperlein, 1976, JWG, I, 196
  25. Fitton-Brown, 1984, LCM, 9, 73
  26. Parrish, 1984, Season Mosaics of Roman North Africa
  27. Patterson, 1982, Slavery and Social Death, 1
  28. Herfst, 1922, Le travail de la femme dans la Grèce ancienne, 91
  29. Martin, 1978, Varron, grammaire antique el slylislique latine, 117
  30. Biicher, 1919, Arbeit und Rhylhmus, 170

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Authors
Scheidel, W.
Corresponding author
Scheidel, Walter
Venue
Greece and Rome
Publisher
Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Published
1996-04
Volume
43
Issue
1
Pages
1-10
ISSN
  • 0017-3835 (ISSN-L)
  • 1477-4550
DOI
10.1093/gr/43.1.1
OpenAlex
W4249626304
Semantic Scholar
081b1d523f1acf208d07e4342363a66968c30b90
Cited by
128
References
12
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 34
FWCI
0.00
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.cambridge.org/core/terms (unspecified, 4907 d)
Locations
Greece and Rome (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Classics › Classical Antiquity Studies
  • Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Archeology (arts and humanities) › Historical and Literary Studies
  • Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Archeology (arts and humanities) › Ancient Mediterranean Archaeology and History
Keywords
rural labor, arable cultivation, arboriculture, ploughing, Hesiod's Works and Days, Aristotle's Politics, Philodemus, enslaved women, women in ancient Greece, Roman women, gender and work, ancient sources

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