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Inactivation of the Friedreich ataxia mouse gene leads to early embryonic lethality without iron accumulation
Abstract
Friedreich ataxia (FRDA), the most common autosomal recessive ataxia, is caused in almost all cases by homozygous intronic expansions resulting in the loss of frataxin, a mitochondrial protein conserved through evolution, and involved in mitochondrial iron homeostasis. Yeast knockout models, and histological and biochemical data from patient heart biopsies or autopsies indicate that the frataxin defect causes a specific iron-sulfur protein deficiency and mitochondrial iron accumulation leading to the pathological changes. Affected human tissues are rarely available to further examine this hypothesis. To study the mechanism of the disease, we generated a mouse model by deletion of exon 4 leading to inactivation of the Frda gene product. We show that homozygous deletions cause embryonic lethality a few days after implantation, demonstrating an important role for frataxin during early development. These results suggest that the milder phenotype in humans is due to residual frataxin expression associated with the expansion mutations. Surprisingly, in the frataxin knockout mouse, no iron accumulation was observed during embryonic resorption, suggesting that cell death could be due to a mechanism independent of iron accumulation.
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“Studies in the liver demonstrated that C/EBPα plays a role in the iron-mediated regulation of hepcidin mRNA (58).”
From Intracellular iron transport and storage: from molecular mechanisms to health implications (2008) · cites this paper as [58]
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“levels of C/EBPα transcription factor in murine liver are doubled in response to iron loading,”
From Intracellular iron transport and storage: from molecular mechanisms to health implications (2008) · cites this paper as [58]
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“mice deficient in C/EBPα exhibited lower levels of hepcidin mRNA,”
From Intracellular iron transport and storage: from molecular mechanisms to health implications (2008) · cites this paper as [58]
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“suggesting that C/EBPα modulates hepcidin transcription (58).”
From Intracellular iron transport and storage: from molecular mechanisms to health implications (2008) · cites this paper as [58]
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Kakhlon, O., Breuer, B., Münnich, A., & Cabantchik, Z. I. (2010) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-60327-514-9_11 · Cited by 4
[Production and application of polyclonal antibody against mouse frataxin].
Hao, S., Xu, F., & Li, K. (2013) · PubMed · Cited by 4
Pandolfo, M. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/3-540-33336-3_4 · Cited by 3
Pandolfo, M. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-19176-3.00041-8 · Cited by 3
Montgomery, C. B., Salinas, L., Cox, G. P., Adcock, L. E., Chang, T., Figueroa, F., Cortopassi, G. A., & Dedkova, E. N. (2025) · Disease Models & Mechanisms · doi:10.1242/dmm.052128 · Cited by 3
Cellular and Molecular Biology of Iron-Binding Proteins
Kalinowski, D. S., & Richardson, D. R. (2010) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781420059984-c7 · Cited by 3
Gene Therapy Approaches to Ataxias
Lim, F., & Díaz‐Nido, J. (2009) · Current Gene Therapy · doi:10.2174/156652309787354649 · Cited by 3
Anatomical and functional analysis of the corticospinal tract in an FRDA mouse modelPreprint
Nishiyama, M., Kalambogias, J., Imai, F., Yang, E., Lang, S., de Nooij, J. C., & Yoshida, Y. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.06.28.601178 · Cited by 3
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Nomlabofusp in Non-clinical Studies of Friedreich’s Ataxia
Toni, F. D., Ragaglia, V., Schecter, D., Miller, A. S., Gonzalez, E. R., Wagner, E. J., Xu, X., Payne, R. M., Mess, J., Baile, M. G., et al. (2025) · The AAPS Journal · doi:10.1208/s12248-025-01093-y · Cited by 2
A mitochondrial implication in a Tunisian patient with Friedreich's ataxia-like
Maalej, M., Mkaouar‐Rebai, E., Mnif, M. F., Mezghani, N., Ayed, I. B., Chamkha, I., Abid, M., & Fakhfakh, F. (2013) · Pathologie Biologie · doi:10.1016/j.patbio.2013.07.013 · Cited by 2
Metadata
- Authors
- Cossee, M.
- Venue
- Human Molecular Genetics
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2000-05-01
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1219-1226
- ISSN
- 0964-6906 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2083
- OpenAlex
- W2114190171
- Cited by
- 377
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 25 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 8.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Human Molecular Genetics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Muscular Dystrophy Association
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Genetic Neurodegenerative Diseases
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurological diseases and metabolism
- Keywords
- Friedreich's ataxia, frataxin, embryonic lethality, iron-sulfur proteins, mitochondrial iron homeostasis, iron accumulation, mouse model, cell death mechanisms
- MeSH terms
- Frataxin, Animals, Decidua, Embryo, Mammalian, Exons, Female, Fetal Death, Friedreich Ataxia, Genotype, Homozygote, Humans, Introns, Iron, Iron-Sulfur Proteins, Necrosis, Phenotype, Pregnancy, Apoptosis, Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor), Mice, Knockout, Iron-Binding Proteins, Mice
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