Dynamic changes in DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation when hES cells undergo differentiation toward a neuronal lineage
Abstract
DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation have been implicated in normal development and differentiation, but our knowledge is limited about the genome-wide distribution of 5-methylcytosine (5 mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5 hmC) during cellular differentiation. Using an in vitro model system of gradual differentiation of human embryonic stem (hES) cells into ventral midbrain-type neural precursor cells and terminally into dopamine neurons, we observed dramatic genome-wide changes in 5 mC and 5 hmC patterns during lineage commitment. The 5 hmC pattern was dynamic in promoters, exons and enhancers. DNA hydroxymethylation within the gene body was associated with gene activation. The neurogenesis-related genes NOTCH1, RGMA and AKT1 acquired 5 hmC in the gene body and were up-regulated during differentiation. DNA methylation in the promoter was associated with gene repression. The pluripotency-related genes POU5F1, ZFP42 and HMGA1 acquired 5 mC in their promoters and were down-regulated during differentiation. Promoter methylation also acted as a locking mechanism to maintain gene silencing. The mesoderm development-related genes NKX2-8, TNFSF11 and NFATC1 acquired promoter methylation during neural differentiation even though they were already silenced in hES cells. Our findings will help elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying lineage-specific differentiation of pluripotent stem cells during human embryonic development.
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iN DNA methylation ages reflect the adult and old chronological ages of their donors.
“Clearly, iN DNAm ages reflect the adult and old chronological ages of their donors, whereas pluripotent stem cells and their derivatives reflect pre-natal DNAm ages (Figure 7H; Huh et al., 2016; Kim et al., 2014; Lo Sardo et al., 2017).”
From Age-dependent instability of mature neuronal fate in induced neurons from Alzheimer’s patients (2021) · cites this paper as Kim et al., 2014
Pluripotent stem cells and their derivatives reflect pre-natal DNA methylation ages.
“Clearly, iN DNAm ages reflect the adult and old chronological ages of their donors, whereas pluripotent stem cells and their derivatives reflect pre-natal DNAm ages (Figure 7H; Huh et al., 2016; Kim et al., 2014; Lo Sardo et al., 2017).”
From Age-dependent instability of mature neuronal fate in induced neurons from Alzheimer’s patients (2021) · cites this paper as Kim et al., 2014
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- Authors
- Kim, M., Park, Y.-K., Kang, T.-W., Lee, S.-H., Rhee, Y.-H., Park, J.-L., Kim, H.-J., Lee, D., Lee, D., Kim, S.-Y., & Kim, Y. S.
- Affiliations
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KR)
- Hanyang University (KR)
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Kim, Yong Sung
- Venue
- Human Molecular Genetics
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2013-09-18
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 657-667
- ISSN
- 0964-6906 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2083
- OpenAlex
- W2161210583
- Cited by
- 98
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2025: 6 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 4.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Human Molecular Genetics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- KRIBB Repository (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology
- Ministry of Education, Science and Technology
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Pluripotent Stem Cells Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
- Keywords
- DNA methylation, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, DNA hydroxymethylation, human embryonic stem cells, neuronal differentiation, dopaminergic neurons, neural progenitor cells, promoter methylation, gene body methylation, gene silencing, pluripotency genes, neurogenesis, lineage commitment, epigenetic regulation
- MeSH terms
- Cell Differentiation, Cells, Cultured, Cytosine, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Mesoderm, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Neurons, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Transcription Factors, Homeodomain Proteins, Cell Lineage, DNA Methylation, Gene Silencing, 5-Methylcytosine, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt, Receptor, Notch1, RANK Ligand, Embryonic Stem Cells, Neurogenesis, GPI-Linked Proteins
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