The DOI matches its Crossref record; 28 of the 28 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Cytokines in the follicular fluid of stimulated and non-stimulated human ovaries; is ovulation a suppressed inflammatory reaction?
Abstract
We determined the concentrations of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukins (IL)-1 beta, -6, -8 and -1-receptor antagonist (IL-1-ra) and of oestradiol and progesterone in the follicular fluid of 111 women undergoing in-vitro fertilization (IVF) and of six women with ovarian cysts in order to elucidate mid-cycle mechanisms causing dissociation of the follicle wall and local rupture of the ovarian tissue complex. Four stimulation protocols were administered: gonadotrophin releasing hormone agonist/human menopausal gonadotrophin (GnRHa/HMG), clomiphene citrate/HMG (CC/HMG), HMG and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Concentrations of TNF alpha and IL-1 beta were below 15 and 3 pg/ml respectively. IL-6 (median 4.1, 3.5-4.4 pg/ml, 95% CI) was higher after stimulation with FSH (5.6 pg/ml) than with HMG (3.2 pg/ml, P < 0.05) or GnRHa/HMG (3.7 pg/ml, P < 0.05), and after stimulation with CC/HMG (5.5 pg/ml) than with HMG (P < 0.01) or GnRHa/HMG (P < 0.001). IL-8 ranged from 32 to 1241 pg/ml (147, 117-178 pg/ml) and IL-1-ra from < 31 to > 10,000 pg/ml (156, 109-192 pg/ml). Cytokine levels did not correlate to oestradiol or progesterone concentrations. The ovarian cysts contained similar IL-8 (14-540 pg/ml) and IL-1 beta (< 30 pg/ml), but higher IL-6 (13.6-> 500 pg/ml) and lower IL-1-ra concentrations. We assume that IL-6, IL-8 and IL-1-ra are involved in peri-ovulatory cellular interactions. Thus, ovulation appears to be a cytokine-regulated process of an 'inflammation' (IL-6 and IL-8) followed by 'anti-inflammatory' reactions (IL-1-ra).
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“Ovulation is a complex event regulated by the hypothalamicpituitary ovarian axis and also involves local chemokines and other factors related to inflammation”
From Chronic pelvic pain and endometriosis: translational evidence of the relationship and implications (2011) · cites this paper as Buscher et al., 1999
Citations
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Inflammation and Human Ovarian Follicular Dynamics
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Metadata
- Authors
- Buscher, U.
- Venue
- Human Reproduction
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1999-01-01
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 162-166
- ISSN
- 0268-1161 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2350
- OpenAlex
- W2013876693
- Cited by
- 109
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 5.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Human Reproduction (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Reproductive Biology and Fertility
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Ovarian function and disorders
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Reproductive Physiology in Livestock
- Keywords
- follicular fluid, cytokines, ovulation, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, TNF-α, IL-1β, ovulation induction, follicle rupture, ovarian cysts, estradiol, progesterone, in vitro fertilization, inflammation, gonadotropins
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Cell Count, Female, Ovarian Follicle, Humans, Middle Aged, Oocytes, Ovarian Cysts, Ovary, Ovulation, Specimen Handling, Stimulation, Chemical, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Follicular Fluid, Interleukin-6, Cytokines, Interleukin-8, Receptors, Interleukin-1
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